4: Green Algae

Question 1

Green Algae

1) How many known species
2) Are they mostly aquatic or terrestrial
3) What are the three major groups
4) Which are only marine

Answer 1

1) 20 k
2) Mostly aquatic
3) Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyceae & Charophyceae
4) Ulvophyceae

Question 2

Define Mitosis

Answer 2

Part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in the nucleus duplicate to produce two identical sets of chromosomes each of which ends up in its own nucleus

Question 3

Define Karyokinesis

Answer 3

Where nucleus envelope reforms around chromosomes

Question 4

Cytokinesis

Answer 4

Divides the cytoplasm, organelles & cell membrane

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

type of cell division required for reproduction in eukaryotes where the number of chromosomes is halved (usually from
2n to n, but many plants are polyploids

Question 6

Cell cycle

1) What is the shortest part?
2) What is the longest part?

Answer 6

1) Mitosis

2) Interphase

Question 7

Steps of Cell cycle

Answer 7

1) Interphase
2) Mitosis
3) Telophase & Cytokinesis

Question 8

Cell cycle

1) What is the shortest part?
2) What is the longest part?

Answer 8

1) Mitosis

2) Interphase

Question 9

Mitosis Steps

Answer 9

Interphase
Prophase
Later prophase
Metaphase
Early anaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Later telophase

Question 10

Prophase

Answer 10

Chromatin condense into chromosomes

Question 11

Metaphase

Answer 11

Chromosomes align in the middle

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

Chromosomes split

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

Spread to poles

Nuclear envelop reforms (karyokinesis

Question 14

Telophase & Cytokinesis

(animal cell

Answer 14

1) Microfilaments form around center
2) Microfilaments constrict forming cleavage
3) Cell completely pinched by microfilaments

Question 15

Telophase & Cytokinesis

(plant cell

Answer 15

1) Carbohydrate rich vesicles around center
2) Vesicles fuse & cell pate forms
3) Cell plate completely formed, creates two separate cells

Question 16

Open mitosis

Answer 16

During pro-metaphase the nuclear membrane disintegrates;

both animals and plants

Question 17

Closed Mitosis

Answer 17

the Spindle (microtubles) form inside the nucleus or the microtubules penetrate the nuclear membrane and the membrane
stays intact. 
(most algae)

Question 18

Persistent Telophase Spindle

Answer 18

a mitotic spindle that persists through

telophase until cytokinesis

Question 19

Non-persistent Spindle

Answer 19

A spindle that disintegrates during telophase

Question 20

Phragmoplast

Answer 20

set of short microtubules oriented parallel to the spindle microtubules (PERPENDICULAR), it catches dictyosome vesicles & guides them to the site where the new cell plate is forming.

Question 21

Phycoplast

Answer 21

a set of microtubules oriented PARALLEL to the plane of the new cell wall and involved in wall formation.

Question 22

Furrowing

Answer 22

Pinching in the cell to divide

Question 23

Plasmodesmata

Answer 23

Microscopic channels that connect cells of all

higher plants and some green algae

Question 24

Why do plants need plasmodesmata?

Answer 24

For cell communication & exchange content through the channels through the cell wall (which is quite impermeable)
-no single celled algae have these as there is no other cell for it to communicate with

Question 25

Flagella apparatus between:

1) Chlorophyceae
2) Ulvophyceae
3) Charophyceae & Land Plants

Answer 25

1) Symmetrical root system
2) Symmetrical root system
3) Asymmetrical root system

Question 26

Mitosis between:

1) Chlorophyceae
2) Ulvophyceae
3) Charophyceae & Land Plants

Answer 26

1) Closed non-persistent spindle
2) Closed non-persistent spindle
3) Open persistent spindle

Question 27

Cytokinesis between:

1) Chlorophyceae
2) Ulvophyceae
3) Charophyceae & Land Plants

Answer 27

1) Furrowing phycoplast
(some with cell plate & plasmodesmata
2) Furrowing
3) Furrowing 
(some with cell plate, phragmoplasts & plasmodesmata)