4) Henry VII: Economy, Society + Religion

Question 1

FARMING
what did farmers do?

Answer 1

. worked on the land growing crops and keeping animals
. others specialised in a particular crop/animal depending on where they lived

Question 2

FARMING
What is the difference between wool and cloth?

Answer 2

. wool is the raw product and cloth is the finished product

Question 3

FARMING
what is enclosure and why was it issue?

Answer 3

. when landowners fenced off their land so peasants and farmers couldn’t work on it
. instead landowners became commercial farmers who kept sheep as this gave them more money
. this caused tensions

Question 4

FARMING
what is subsistence farming?

Answer 4

. only growing enough food to feed your family, not to sell it

Question 5

FARMING
how did Henry attempt to deal with enclosure?

Answer 5

. he passed an Anti-Enclosure Law but this had little effect

Question 6

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who are merchants?
who were Merchants of the Staple?

Answer 6

. merchants were people who sold materials
. Merchants of the Staple were merchants in Calais

Question 7

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
how did Henry limit the exportation of English wool?
what did this cause?

Answer 7

. Henry passed an act which made it illegal for foreigners to buy raw wool for manufacturing into cloth
. by the end of his reign raw wool export dropped to 30%

Question 8

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry limit the export of raw English wool?

Answer 8

. because he could generate a larger profit exporting finished cloth rather than wool
. England now began manufacturing raw wool into cloth

Question 9

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
who were Merchant Adventurers?

Answer 9

. wealthiest + most influential company in London
. dominated London’s cloth trade with Europe
. close to the king so could voice concerns + help him negotiate trade treaties

Question 10

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Hanseatic League?

Answer 10

. a group of cities which came together to form a commercial union
. the intention was to control trade in the Baltic Sea
. dominated commercial activity in northern Europe

Question 11

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
why did Henry begin to support the dominance of the Hanseatic League?

Answer 11

. this would discourage them from supporting Yorkist claimants
. he saw it as an important economic area for England

Question 12

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what were other industries in England which began small?

Answer 12

. coal
. lead
. iron
. tin

Question 13

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what percent of English exports was cloth trade responsible for?

Answer 13

. 90%

Question 14

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Navigation Acts?
Was this + or - ?

Answer 14

. laws passed so that certain goods had to be transported by English ships
. - as they were limited in effectiveness

Question 15

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
what was the Trade Deal with Florence?
was this + or - ?

Answer 15

. deal to import English cloth
. + as it gave England a trade route into the Mediterranean (could be a gateway to the east)

Question 16

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
Was this + or - ?

Answer 16

. political agreement with France, improved commercial links
. +

Question 17

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was the Trade Embargo?
WAs this + or - ?

Answer 17

. Netherlands - England would not trade good because of B support of Yorkists
. - as it removed a trading option

Question 18

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Magnus?
Was this + or - ?

Answer 18

. re-established trade with the Netherlands
. + as English merchants could trade on any B lands other than Flanders

Question 19

TRADE AND INDUSTRY
What was Intercursus Malus?
Was this + or - ?

Answer 19

. forced even better terms with Phillip of B
. +

Question 20

HENRY AND OVERSEAS TRADE
Henry’s trade policy has no obvious pattern to it, how is it described?

Answer 20

. opportunist who exploited opportunities

Question 21

EXPLORATION
What did John Cabot discover after receiving support to explore from Henry?

Answer 21

. located Newfoundland near Canada + reported back the existence of new fishing grounds

Question 22

SOCIETY
Who were nobles?

Answer 22

. dominated land ownership
. about 50-60
. keep law and order
. their power was obtained through retaining armies for themselves
. controlled through bonds and recognisances

Question 23

SOCIETY
Who were the Gentry?

Answer 23

. able to increase their power + wealth
. often had military obligations
. had considerable income and property

Question 24

SOCIETY
Who were Church Members?

Answer 24

. members of the church
. some of low status
. some entitled to sit in the House of Lords

Question 25

SOCIETY Who were the Commoners?

Answer 25

. sub divided into educated urban people, shopkeepers, tradesmen, people who had no land and people who worked for others

Question 26

SOCIETY What is the commoners hierarchy?

Answer 26

Yeomen - farmers in the country Citizens - live in urban cities Labourers/Peasants - work for citizens or yeomen or shopkeepers Vagrants/Beggers

Question 27

SOCIETY What is the Church Hierarchy?

Answer 27

Archbishops - very powerful + part of the government Bishops - important + some had government office Priests - look after local parish

Question 28

SOCIETY What is The Great Chain of Being?

Answer 28

. the natural order as set out by god

Question 29

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS What was the main cause of Yorkshire Rebellion?

Answer 29

. resentment over taxation demanded by parliament for Brittany . rebels murdered Earl of Northumberland making Henry worried about the amount of resentment towards his regime

Question 30

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS How much did Parliament vote Henry for the war in Brittany?

Answer 30

. £100,000 . which was raised via taxation

Question 31

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS Why was the tax least welcome in Yorkshire?

Answer 31

. resentment towards Lancastrian monarch as he overthrew Yorkist Richard 3 . Yorkshire had been hit by a bad harvest . saw the tax as too far as they are in the north

Question 32

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS What happened to the Earl of Northumberland?

Answer 32

. he returned to the North with no agreement with the king . he was murdered

Question 33

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS How did the Yorkshire Rebellion end?

Answer 33

. earl of Surrey easily put down rebellion . Henry travelled north + issued many pardons . made the Earl of Surrey lieutenant of the region

Question 34

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS What was the main cause of the Cornish Rebellion?

Answer 34

. Henrys demand for taxes to finance a military campaign against the Scots . did not want to pay for a conflict that had no benefit for them

Question 35

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS What were 3 factors of the Cornish Rebellion making it a danger to Henry?

Answer 35

. 15,000 involved . attempt to exploit weaknesses made by Warwick . rebels marched on London (stoped on outskirts)

Question 36

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS How did Henry solve the Cornish Rebellion?

Answer 36

. rebel leaders executed . Lord Daubeney able to disperse the remaining followers

Question 37

SOCIAL DISCONTENT AND REBELLIONS Who lead the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 37

. Joseph a blacksmith . Flamank a lawyer

Question 38

THE CHURCH How did people view the church?

Answer 38

. devoted to the church . believed that if they don't follow the teachings of the Catholic Church they would go to hell . follow 7 essential sacraments . submit to authority of church . attend church regularly

Question 39

THE CHURCH Why was the church accused of being corrupt and abusing its power?

Answer 39

. Pluralism - holding more than 1 position within the church . Absenteeism - not being present in your church position but still claiming the stipend payment

Question 40

THE CHURCH What is Anti-Clericalsism?

Answer 40

. people critical of the Catholic Churches practices and teachings . many believed the church was corrupt + abuses power e.g. pluralism + absenteeism

Question 41

THE CHURCH Why had many kings tried to weaken the powers of the Church Court system?

Answer 41

. because there could be a challenge/overlap with the KIng's authority

Question 42

HUMANISM What is Humanism?

Answer 42

. emphasises the power potential of humankind . believe it is possible to improve it is possible to improve human knowledge + behaviour through education . many came from Italy to England to study and work . also known as Renaissance thinkers

Question 43

HUMANISM How did Henry show his support for Humanism?

Answer 43

. Henry + Liz were buried in a chapel in Westminster designed to show off their greatness sin a Renaissance styled tomb . Polydore Vergil invited to write the history of England . John Skelton employed to write a positive book on Henrys rule

Question 44

HUMANISM Who was Erasmus?

Answer 44

. a Dutch Humanist . published 'In praise of Folly' which targeted corrupt monarchs . published 'The Handbook of Christian Knight' showing what he saw as the the guidelines for a good Christian life

Question 45

INVENTION What was significant about the Printing Press?

Answer 45

. books began to be printed in english . opened up accessibility to books . majority of England can't read