4 Ingestion Of A Meal.

Question 1

What are the bones of mastication?

Answer 1

Maxilla
Mandible
Skull - temporal
Spine
Hyoid

Question 2

What are the two key muscles of closing the jaw?

Answer 2

Masseter
Temporalis

Question 3

What are the key muscles of opening the jaw?

Answer 3

Lateral pterygoid
Digastric
Infrahyoid

Question 4

Where does the temporalis arise from and insert?

Answer 4

Arises from temporal fossa and inserts onto coronoid process of mandible

Question 5

What muscle arises from the zygomatic process of the maxilla and inserts into the angle and ramus of the mandible?

Answer 5

Masseter

Question 6

Where does the lateral pteryfoid arise from adn insert?

Answer 6

Arises from the sphenoid and inserts into the condyloid process of the mandible

Question 7

What muscles posterior arises from the mastoid notch and anterior arises from lower border of mandible and both insert onto the hyoid?

Answer 7

Digastric

Question 8

What muscle connects the hyoid and the clavicle?

Answer 8

Infrahyoid

Question 9

What are two mastication reflexes?

Answer 9

Jaw unloading reflex
Jaw-jerk reflex

Question 10

What is occlusion in dentistry terms?

Answer 10

Contact between teeth

Question 11

How does a change in occlusion affect chewing?

Answer 11

Alter the chewing pattern

Question 12

What are the three main movements of mastication?

Answer 12

Side to side Lateral movements
Petrusion and retraction
Hinge like up and down

Question 13

What joint associated with mastication is a bilateral synovial joint?

Answer 13

Temporomandibular

Question 14

What type of movement is the lower compartment of the jaw responsible for?

Answer 14

Rotational movemtents

Question 15

What type of movement is the upper part of the jaw responsible for?

Answer 15

Sliding movement

Question 16

How does saliva maintain the teeth?

Answer 16

Dilutes contents of the mouth
Clears the mouth
Buffers any acid made by plaque bacteria

Question 17

How does saliva lubricate food?

Answer 17

Salivary glycoproteins are sticky
Allow them to form a thin layer on oral surfaces and food

Question 18

What is deglutition?

Answer 18

Swallowing

Question 19

Describe the process of deglutition

Answer 19

Oral/buccal phase is voluntary. Bolus is pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue. Teeth are brought together. Soft palate elevates to close nasal cavity. Larynx rises to close airways
Pharyngeal phase is involuntary. Cricopharyngeal sphincter relaxes to open oesophagus. Epiglottis steers bolus over trachea
Oesophageal - start of peristalsis

Question 20

What does saliva contain that gives its antibacterial/anti fungal properties?

Answer 20

IgA and lysozymes

Question 21

What salivary glands are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 21

Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 22

What salivary gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 22

Parotid

Question 23

What is the function of the superior salivary nuclei in the pons?

Answer 23

Innervate facial nerve

Question 24

What is the function of the inferior salivary nuclei in the medulla?

Answer 24

Innervate glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

What are the stimulants of saliva production?

Answer 25

Mastication Taste Smell Anticipation [less so]

Question 26

What inhibits salivary production?

Answer 26

Fear

Question 27

What is the largest salivary gland?

Answer 27

Parotid

Question 28

Where are the minor salivary glands?

Answer 28

Palate & tongue

Question 29

How is the saliva produced by the sublingual and the minor glands categorised?

Answer 29

Thick mucous

Question 30

What salivary gland produces serous saliva?

Answer 30

Parotid

Question 31

What salivary gland produces saliva thats in between serous and mucous?

Answer 31

Submandibular

Question 32

All salivary glands secrete both protein and fluid What is the consistency of saliva determined by?

Answer 32

Nature of protein secreted

Question 33

What cells produce saliva?

Answer 33

Acinar

Question 34

What ducts modify saliva before secretion?

Answer 34

Striated

Question 35

Are acinar cells polarised or non polarised?

Answer 35

Polarised

Question 36

Acinar cells have both a basolateral/blood side and an apical/lumenal side. What side is the nucleus found within?

Answer 36

Basolateral/blood side

Question 37

What organelles are found on the apical side of the acinar cells?

Answer 37

Secretory vesicles

Question 38

What is the name for the process by which proteins and fluid are secreted from acinar cells?

Answer 38

Stimulus- secretion coupling

Question 39

The stimulation of what receptor leads to protein secretion from acinar cells?

Answer 39

B adrenergic receptor

Question 40

What type of receptors are a B adrenergic receptors and M3 muscarinic receptors?

Answer 40

G protein-coupled receptor

Question 41

Fill in the blanks; B adrenergic receptor is activated by _______ This activates _______ which then activates _____ Which makes ______ This then enters the nucleus and stimulates gene _____ It also enters the endoplasmic reticulum and ______ which stimulates _____ of proteins that have been made Its final function is to stimulate _______

Answer 41

Noradrenaline G protein Adenylate cyclase Cyclic AMP Transcription Golgi Glycosylation Exocytosis

Question 42

How does IgA get from the blood into saliva?

Answer 42

Receptors on acinar cells IgA binds to receptor which stimulates endocytosis of receptor with protein And transcytosis across the cell And exocytosis of receptor and release of IgA with abit o receptor still attached

Question 43

What substrate binds to PIgR receptor?

Answer 43

IgA

Question 44

The stimulation of what receptor leads to fluid secretion in acinar cells?

Answer 44

M3 muscarinic receptors

Question 45

Fill in the blanks; M3 muscarinic receptor is activated by _______ This activates _______ which then activates _____ Which makes ______ This binds to ____ which are _____ This causes the release of ____ Which _____ the calcium concentration So ion channels are activated and _____ are secreted Leads to fluid secretion

Answer 45

Acetylcholine G protein Phospholipase C IP3 IP3 receptors Calcium channels Intracellular calcium Increases Electrolytes