4 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards
(25 cards)
Describe the cells that make up the cerebellum
Grey matter - surface of cerebellum, tightly folded
White matter
What is the folia of the cerebellum?
Gyri on surface of cerebellum
Describe the structure of the cerebellum
Right and left hemispheres divided by central vermis
Surface covered in folia
What are the cerebellar peduncles?
Connect cerebellum to other parts of brainstem, 3 on each side
What are the cerebellar tonsils?
Rounded lobule on each cerebellar hemisphere
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Balance
Gait
Skilled and planned moving
Motor learning
Where does the cerebrum fill?
Anterior and middle cranial fossa
What is the relationship between cerebrum and dural folds?
Above tentorium cerebelli
Separated into 2 hemispheres by longitudinal fissure, whihc is filled by falx cerebri
Describe the tissue types found in the cerebrum
Grey matter - processing and cognition
White matter - glial cells and myelinated axons to connect grey matter
What connects the cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum - white matter
What is the difference between sulci and gyri?
Sulci - groove/depression
Gyri- ridge/elevation
What do the sulci of the cerebrum seperate?
Central sulcus- frontal and parietal
Lateral - frontal and parietal from temporal
Lunate - found in occipital cortex
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Higher intellect, personality, language, mood
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Calculations
Visual perception
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision, contains primary visual cortex
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision, contains primary visual cortex
What signs are produced if the cerebrum is damaged?
Frontal - behavioural change, inability to solve problems
Parietal - patient doesn’t pay attention to side of body opposite to lesion
Temporal lobe - Auditory recognition impaired
Occipital: Visual field defects: Contralateral blindness or quadrantanopia (quarter field blindness)
Global lesion - cant answer simple questions
What signs are produced if the cerebrum is damaged?
Frontal - behavioural change, inability to solve problems
Parietal - patient doesn’t pay attention to side of body opposite to lesion
Temporal lobe - Auditory recognition impaired
Iccu
Where does the medulla emerge from?
Beneath the pons, emerges from foramen rotundum
Where does the medulla emerge from?
Beneath the pons, emerges from foramen rotundum
What is the function of the midbrain?
Dopamine production
Relay information for vision and hearing
Describe the location of the pons in relation to other neuro structures
Inferior to midbrain
Superior to medulla oblongata
Anterior to cerebellum
Which cranial nerves have nuclei in the pons?
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
What is the diencephalon?
Embryonic neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain - thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and pineal gland
