4. Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only.
What is a homologous series?
A series of compounds with similar structures and properties, differing by CH₂.
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions.
What is isomerism?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
How are compounds named?
Using IUPAC rules for compounds up to 6 carbons.
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons.
How is crude oil separated?
By fractional distillation.
What are the main fractions and their uses?
- Refinery gases
- Gasoline
- Kerosene
- Diesel
- Fuel oil
- Bitumen.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
Are alkanes saturated?
Yes, they contain only single bonds.
What is the functional group in alkenes?
The carbon-carbon double bond (>C=C<).
Are alkenes saturated?
No, they are unsaturated.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CₙH₂ₙ.
How do alkenes react with bromine?
They add bromine across the double bond to form dibromoalkanes.
How can bromine water distinguish alkanes and alkenes?
Alkenes decolorize bromine water; alkanes do not.
What is an addition polymer?
A polymer formed by joining many monomers through addition reactions.
What are disposal problems of addition polymers?
They are inert, do not biodegrade, and produce toxic gases when burned.
