4- Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define homologous series
Same general formula
Group of compounds
Define functional group
A group of atoms that Determines how a compound typically reacts
Define isomers
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
Alkenes functional group
C=C
Alkenes General formula
CnH2n
Alkenes un/saturated
Unsaturated, has C=C bond
How to form haloalkANES
Add halogen to alkenes to make haloalkanes
Addition reaction
Eg bromine and ethene is a dibromoethANE
Bromine reacts with alkENES to make dibromoalkANES
Identifying alkanes vs alkenes
Orange bromine water goes colourless (forms dibromoalkanes) if ALKENE
Alkane General formula
CnH2n+2
Alkane un/saturated
Saturated, no C=C
Haloalkanes
Halogens and alkanes react in the presence of UV light
Substitution reaction
Eg bromine and methane make bromomethane
Forming nitrous oxides in cars
Temperatures become high enough, nitrogen from fuel reacts oxygen in air
Forming sulphur dioxide
Sulphur impurities in the hydrocarbon
Forming of acid rain
Sulphur dioxide from sulphur impurities
Nitrous oxides from cars
React with water vapour in clouds, forming dilute dilutive acid and nitric acid
Causes death of animals and plants
Conditions for catalytic cracking
609-709 C, silica or alumina
Demand and supply of chained alkenes and alkanes
Short chain hydrocarbons are in higher demand (eg octane)
Long chain and broken down into short chain (also produces alkenes)
How is an addition polymer formed
Joining small molecules called monomer (small repeating units)
Why is it difficult to dispose of polymers
Inertness and inability to biodegrade
Production of toxic gas when burnt
