4: prevention

Question 1

what is dental caries?

Answer 1

a disease of the dental hard tissues caused by the action of microorganisms found in plaque, on fermentable carbohydrates

Question 2

what are the impacts of caries on pre-school children?

Answer 2

aesthetic problems
loss of function
pain
infection

Question 3

what are risk indicators in children?

Answer 3

O.H
diet
bacterial exposure
socioeconomic status
breast/bottle feeding
fluoride exposure
parental smoking
parental oral health status

Question 4

what teeth do early childhood caries typically affect?

Answer 4

upper anterior and molar teeth

Question 5

what is the typical cause of nursing caries?

Answer 5

inappropriate use of feeding cups & bottles

Question 6

how can caries be prevented?

Answer 6

diet
fluoride
oral hygiene

Question 7

is there any benefit to pregnant women taking fluoride supplements?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what advice should be given to avoid early childhood caries?

Answer 8

feeding cup not bottle from 6 months
no drinks with free sugars in bottle
no bottles in bed
soy milk can be cariogenic- only is medically indicated

Question 9

how to reduce the impact of sweetened drinks

Answer 9

mealtimes only
dilute as much as possible
straw at back of mouth

Question 10

what drinks are safe between meals?

Answer 10

plain water or milk

Question 11

what can be done about sugar containing medicines?

Answer 11

sugar free when available

doses given at mealtimes and never after brushing at night

Question 12

what food is good for toddlers and why?

Answer 12

cheese
high energy
non-cariogenic
may protect against caries

Question 13

what are safe snacks?

Answer 13

milk/water
fruit
savoury sandwiches
crackers and cheese
bread sticks
crisps

Question 14

how can fluoride be taken in?

Answer 14

water
toothpaste
supplementary self delivered
-drops
-tablets
-mouthrinse
professionally delivered
-APF gels
-varnishes
-slow-release devices

Question 15

when should toothbrushing begin in children?

Answer 15

as soon as 1st primary molars erupt

Question 16

what age can children brush their own teeth?

Answer 16

over 8

Question 17

what is the fluoride formulation in child toothpaste?

Answer 17

1000ppm

Question 18

what is the fluoride formulation in standard toothpaste?

Answer 18

1400-1500ppm

Question 19

what is the fluoride formulation in enhanced fluoride (duraphat)?

Answer 19

2800ppm

Question 20

what ppmF should be used from 1st eruption to 3 years?

Answer 20

1000ppm

Question 21

what ppmF should be used for 4-16 years?

Answer 21

1000-1500ppm

Question 22

what ppmF should be used for high risk children under 10 years?

Answer 22

1500ppm

Question 23

what ppmF should be used for high risk children over 10 years?

Answer 23

2800ppm

Question 24

what ppmF should be used for high risk children over 16 years?

Answer 24

5000ppm

Question 25

how much toothpaste should children under 3 use?

Answer 25

smear (0.1ml)

Question 26

how much toothpaste should children over 3 use?

Answer 26

pea-sized (0.25ml)

Question 27

what age can children use a fluoride mouthrinse?

Answer 27

over 6 | -should assess ability to expectorate

Question 28

what are professionally applied fluorides?

Answer 28

APF gels | varnishes-every 4 to 6 months for high risk childen

Question 29

when can fluoride varnish be used?

Answer 29

x2 yearly for pre-school children assessed as being high risk for caries for high risk adults

Question 30

what are the 2 methods of community based prevention?

Answer 30

health education | health promotion

Question 31

what is health education?

Answer 31

a process that results in individuals/ groups having increased knowledge related to health

Question 32

what is health promotion?

Answer 32

supports individuals in translating health knowledge into good behaviours and lifestyles

Question 33

what is the goal of oral health promotion programmes?

Answer 33

to reduce the risk of early childhood caries | -available for parents during pregnancy and postnatal

Question 34

when should OHPP begin for young children?

Answer 34

before the age of 3

Question 35

what should OHPP address?

Answer 35

environmental, public and social policy changes in order to support behaviour change

Question 36

when should bitewings be taken and why?

Answer 36

every 6 months for high risk every 12-18 months low risk 60% interproximal caries if not taken