4. Science of Radiology and Radiologic Technology Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
The energy that is transmitted by waves through space or through a medium.
A
Radiation
2
Q
The process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron.
A
Ionization
3
Q
The field of study that creates anatomic images by
recording reflected sound waves.
A
Sonography
4
Q
Methods of imaging the electrical activities of the heart and of the brain, respectively.
A
Electrocardiography and Electroencephalography
5
Q
Images produced by body’s naturally emitted heat energy
A
Thermograms
6
Q
Create images of both anatomic structures and physiologic actions through the use of nuclear energy emitted by the nucleus of an atom.
A
Nuclear Medicine Technology
7
Q
Making of records, known as radiographs, of internal structures of the body by passage of gamma rays or x-rays through the body to act on specially sensitized film or digital imaging plate or system.
A
Radiography
8
Q
Involves the study of the use of radiation throughout medicine.
A
Medical Radiation Science
9
Q
discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895 (Friday)
A
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
10
Q
fluorescent glow of crystals
A
Barium Platinocyanide
11
Q
He was working with ___________ when he discovered a fluorescent glow of crystals.
A
Cathode ray tube
12
Q
Born in Lennep, Germany
A
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
13
Q
German physicist
A
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
14
Q
Wife of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
A
Anna Bertha Ludwig
15
Q
One adopted daughter of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
A
Josephine Bertha Ludwig
16
Q
Roentgen began working at University of Wurzburg in Physics Department
A
1888
17
Q
Working with Crookes tube
A
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
18
Q
Roentgen submitted his first report – On a New Kind of Rays to Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society
A
December 28, 1895 (Saturday)
19
Q
Roentgen received First Nobel Prize in Physics in
A
1901
20
Q
Roentgen died of colon cancer on
A
February 10, 1923
21
Q
Explained the reaction of solids when they are placed in liquids
A
Archimedes
22
Q
Described materials as being composed of ultimate particles
A
Democritus
23
Q
Discovered some of the effects of electricity.
A
Thales
24
Q
Three specific aspects of physical science helped pave the way for the discovery of x-rays.
A
- Electricity
- Vacuums
- Image-recording materials
25
Produced the first-recognized vacuum when he invented a barometer
Evangelista Torricelli, 1643
26
Invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube
Otto van Guericke, 1646
27
Invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube in 1646. This experiment was repeated by _________ and ________.
- Robert Boyle (1659)
| - Herman Sprengel (1865)
28
Studied electricity and magnetism. He was also noted for inventing a primitive electroscope.
William Gilbert of England
29
His experiments with electricity earned him a place among the serious investigators.
Robert Boyle
30
Built and improved the static generator.
Isaac Newton
31
Working with glass, silk and paper and distinguished two different kinds of electricity.
Charles du Fay
32
Made a significant improvement in the electroscope, a vessel for discharging electricity under vacuum conditions.
Abbe Jean-Antoine Nollet
33
Conducted many electrical experiments and should be mentioned in any discussion of the pioneers in electricity.
Benjamin Franklin
34
Demonstrated a current of electricity by transmitting electricity from a Leyden jar through wires and a vacuum tube.
William Watson
35
Noticed the difference in color of partially evacuated tubes. He noted that when a tube cracked and some air leaked in, the amount of air in the tube determined the coloration.
William Morgan
36
Induced an electric current by moving a magnet in and out of a coil in 1831. From this experiment evolved the concept of electromagnetic induction, which lead to the production of better generators and transformers and high voltages for use in evacuated tubes.
Michael Faraday
37
Made the most significant improvement on induction coils
Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff of Paris
38
Conducted several experiments with cathode rays which are streams of electrons emitted from the surface of a cathode.
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
39
Furthered study the cathode rays and demonstrated that matter was emitted from the cathode with enough energy to rotate a wheel placed within a tube.
William Crookes
40
_______’s works were repeated and further developed by Crookes.
Hittorf
41
Furthered the investigation of the cathode rays. He found that cathode rays could penetrate thin metal and would project a few centimeters into air. He did a tremendous amount of research with cathode rays and determined their energies by measuring the amount of penetration. He also studied the deflection of rays as a result of magnetic fields.
Philipp Lenard
42
Produced a radiograph in 1890. His achievement was recognized only in retrospect and after the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. He was not credited with the discovery of x-rays.
William Goodspeed
43
Produced the first photographic copy of written material in 1727.
Johann Heinrich Schulze
44
Produced a film with a gelatin silver bromide emulsion that has remained the basic component for film.
Richard Leach Maddox
45
Produced and patented roll-paper film. With this significant improvement of image recording material and the improvement in the cathode ray tube, the basis for modern-day radiography was established.
George Eastman
46
Patented a system for electricity distribution in 1880, which was essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp.
Thomas Alva Edison
47
Edison founded the Edison Illuminating Company on.
December 17, 1880
48
The company established the first investor-owned electric utility in ________ on Pearl Street Station, New York City.
1882
49
It was on __________, that Edison switched on his Pearl Street generating station’s electrical power distribution system, which provided 110 volts direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan.
September 4, 1882
50
In _________ Edison had switched on the first steam generating power station at Holborn Viaduct in London.
January 1882
51
provided electricity supplies to street lamp and several private dwellings
within a short distance of the station
DC supply system
52
On __________, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey
January 19, 1883
53
Only child of Friedrich Conrad Roentgen, a textile merchant whose ancestors had lived in or near Lennep for several generations
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
54
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen married in
1872
55
Produced radiograph 2 weeks after Roentgen discovered x-rays
Michael Idvorsky Pupin
56
Noticed that the radium killed diseased cells, which was the first suggestion of the medical utility of radioactivity
Pierre Curie
57
In ______, Pierre and his older brother Jacques (1856-1941) demonstrated that an electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed, i.e. piezoelectricity
1880
58
In ______, ______ demonstrated the reverse effect: that crystals could be made to deform when subject to an electric field. Almost all digital electronic circuits now rely on this phenomenon in the form of crystal
oscillators.
- 1881
| - Pierre and his older brother Jacques
59
Discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled x-rays in their
penetrating power.
Henri Becquerel
60
He demonstrated that this radiation, unlike phosphorescence, did not depend on an external source of energy, but seemed to arise spontaneously from uranium itself
Henri Becquerel
61
discovered radioactivity.
Henri Becquerel
62
Refined the knowledge of radioactivity and purified the radium metal
Marie Curie
63
In 1911, received Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry.
Marie Curie
64
She continued to study radioactivity until she became acquainted with Albert Einstein and resumed her experiments with radium.
Marie Curie
65
She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry.
Marie Curie
66
She was the first female professor at the University of Paris, and in ________ became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Patheon in Paris.
- Marie Curie
| - 1995
67
achievements included a theory of radioactivity, techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, POLONIUM and RADIUM. Under her direction, the world’s first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centers of Medical research today.
Marie Curie
68
major centers of Medical research
Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw
69
Invented cyclotron in 1932.
Ernest Lawrence
70
is a chamber that made it possible to accelerate particle to high speeds for use as projectiles.
cyclotron
71
The cyclotron first made ________ available in large quantities.
radioisotopes
72
Made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago in 1942.
Enrico Fermi
73
Fermi's results breakthrough was first demonstrated when atomic devices were detonated experimentally in _______ at ________.
- 1945
| - White Sand, New Mexico
74
Shortly thereafter, these devices (uranium pile) were introduced as weapons when atomic bombs were dropped on _______________
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
75
solid medium
conduction
76
liquid medium
convection
77
radiation symbol
3 foil
78
positively charged ion
cation
79
negatively charged ion
anion
80
electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed
piezoelectricity
81
Year Evangelista Torricelli Produced the first-recognized vacuum when he invented a barometer
in 1643
82
Year Otto van Guericke invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube
in 1646
83
Year Michael Faraday Induced an electric current by moving a magnet in and out of a coil
in 1831
84
Year William Goodspeed Produced a radiograph
in 1890
85
Year Johann Heinrich Schulze - Produced the first photographic copy of written material
in 1727
86
Thomas Edison patented a system for electricity distribution in _______, which was essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp.
1880
87
Roentgen was offered employment at
University of Wurzburg
88
Year Marie Curie received Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry.
in 1911
89
Year Ernest Lawrence invented cyclotron
in 1932
90
Year Enrico Fermi made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago
in 1942
91
Enrico Fermi made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at
University of Chicago
92
Year Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled x-rays in their penetrating power.
in 1896
93
Roentgen born on
March 27, 1845
