4˚ TEST Flashcards
(40 cards)
- Question 1 of 40
What protocol should be followed for a patient experiencing chest pain and is suspected to have a myocardial infarction?
A. Provide aspirin and assess the need for additional nitroglycerin.
B. Wait for advanced life support to administer any medications.
C. Provide oxygen only if the patient requests it.
D. Encourage physical activity to assess the pain’s impact.
Correct Answer: A. Provide aspirin and assess the need for additional nitroglycerin.
Aspirin is administered first to patients suspected of having a myocardial infarction to help reduce clot formation.
- Question 2 of 40
What is the most appropriate action for an EMT when encountering a patient with significant bleeding from a leg wound?
A. Apply a tourniquet immediately above the wound.
B. Elevate the leg and apply pressure with a clean cloth.
C. Wash the wound thoroughly before bandaging.
D. Check for a pulse below the wound before taking any action.
Correct Answer: A. Apply a tourniquet immediately above the wound.
If significant bleeding from a leg wound does not stop with direct pressure, a tourniquet may be necessary.
- Question 3 of 40
In the case of an unresponsive adult with suspected hypoglycemia, what is the best course of action?
A. Administer oral glucose if the patient can swallow.
B. Inject glucagon intramuscularly.
C. Wait for glucose test results before treatment.
D. Provide high-sugar foods immediately.
Correct Answer: B. Inject glucagon intramuscularly.
For an unresponsive adult with suspected hypoglycemia, injecting glucagon can quickly raise blood sugar levels.
- Question 4 of 40
How should consent be managed for a conscious adult who refuses care after a vehicle accident?
A. Treat under implied consent assuming confusion or head injury.
B. Document the refusal after explaining the risks of not receiving care.
C. Call law enforcement to enforce treatment.
D. Transport the patient to the hospital against their will.
Correct Answer: B. Document the refusal after explaining the risks of not receiving care.
If a conscious adult refuses care after an accident, the EMT should document the refusal and clearly communicate the risks involved.
- Question 5 of 40
What is the proper use of a non-rebreather mask for a patient suffering from severe respiratory distress?
A. Set the oxygen flow rate to at least 10 L/min.
B. Ensure the reservoir bag is partially inflated.
C. Use intermittently to prevent carbon dioxide buildup.
D. Adjust the strap tightly to secure the mask.
Correct Answer: A. Set the oxygen flow rate to at least 10 L/min.
A non-rebreather mask should be used with a high flow rate to ensure the reservoir bag remains inflated and delivers a high concentration of oxygen.
- Question 6 of 40
What should an EMT do first when arriving on the scene of a suspected stroke?
A. Administer oxygen at high flow rates.
B. Perform a quick neurological assessment using the FAST test.
C. Prepare for immediate transportation without assessment.
D. Provide aspirin to thin the blood.
Correct Answer: B. Perform a quick neurological assessment using the FAST test.
The FAST test helps identify stroke symptoms quickly and can guide urgent decision-making for stroke patients.
- Question 7 of 40
When dealing with a patient experiencing acute allergic reaction with swelling and difficulty breathing, what is the priority?
A. Administer an antihistamine orally.
B. Prepare an epinephrine injection.
C. Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling.
D. Have the patient sit up to ease breathing.
Correct Answer: B. Prepare an epinephrine injection.
For acute allergic reactions with swelling and breathing difficulty, administering epinephrine promptly is critical.
- Question 8 of 40
How should an EMT handle a patient who suddenly becomes violent during transport?
A. Use physical restraints approved by protocols.
B. Attempt to verbally calm the patient without using restraints.
C. Stop the ambulance and remove the patient.
D. Sedate the patient if medication is available.
Correct Answer: A. Use physical restraints approved by protocols.
Using approved physical restraints is necessary if a patient becomes violent during transport to ensure safety.
- Question 9 of 40
What is the appropriate action if a patient is found with a burn caused by an electrical source?
A. Immediately touch the patient to assess the severity.
B. Ensure the power source is disconnected before touching the patient.
C. Pour cold water over the burn area to cool it down.
D. Cover the burn with a dry sterile dressing.
Correct Answer: B. Ensure the power source is disconnected before touching the patient.
For electrical burns, it’s crucial to ensure the power source is disconnected to prevent further injury.
- Question 10 of 40
What steps should be taken for a patient suspected of having a spinal injury after a fall?
A. Encourage the patient to remain still and not move their head.
B. Have the patient slowly stand to assess pain and mobility.
C. Apply a cervical collar and prepare for spine board immobilization.
D. Perform a thorough range of motion test to check for spinal damage.
Correct Answer: C. Apply a cervical collar and prepare for spine board immobilization.
Immobilization is critical for patients with suspected spinal injuries to prevent further damage.
- Question 11 of 40
In an emergency involving a child with severe asthma not improving with a standard inhaler, what should be done?
A. Administer a higher dose of the inhaler medication.
B. Prepare to administer epinephrine.
C. Start high-flow oxygen and consider advanced airway management.
D. Encourage deep breathing exercises to calm the child.
Correct Answer: C. Start high-flow oxygen and consider advanced airway management.
For severe asthma attacks not improving with a standard inhaler, starting high-flow oxygen and preparing for advanced airway management are necessary steps.
- Question 12 of 40
What is the first aid treatment for a patient bitten by a poisonous snake?
A. Cut the wound and attempt to suck out the venom.
B. Apply ice to slow the spread of venom.
C. Keep the affected limb lower than the heart.
D. Keep the patient calm and immobile; treat for shock and transport.
Correct Answer: D. Keep the patient calm and immobile; treat for shock and transport.
Keeping a snakebite victim calm and immobile helps slow the spread of venom and is crucial while preparing for transport.
- Question 13 of 40
How should an EMT approach a patient with severe chest pain and a history of heart problems?
A. Delay transport until pain subsides.
B. Provide nitroglycerin and prepare for transport.
C. Perform an on-scene ECG with available equipment.
D. Advise the patient to take deep breaths and relax.
Correct Answer: B. Provide nitroglycerin and prepare for transport.
For patients with severe chest pain and a history of heart problems, administering nitroglycerin and preparing for rapid transport can be life-saving.
- Question 14 of 40
What is the protocol for a patient exhibiting signs of shock?
A. Keep the patient warm, administer oxygen, and transport rapidly.
B. Provide large amounts of oral fluids immediately.
C. Elevate the patient’s legs and wait for advanced life support.
D. Apply a tourniquet to limbs to concentrate blood flow to vital organs.
Correct Answer: A. Keep the patient warm, administer oxygen, and transport rapidly.
For shock, it’s vital to keep the patient warm, provide supplemental oxygen, and ensure rapid transport to a medical facility.
- Question 15 of 40
For a patient experiencing a diabetic emergency and unable to swallow, what is the appropriate intervention?
A. Administer oral glucose gel to the inside of the cheek.
B. Inject insulin to lower blood sugar.
C. Provide sugary drinks immediately.
D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly.
Correct Answer: D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly.
If a diabetic patient is having an emergency and cannot swallow, administering glucagon intramuscularly is an effective way to raise their blood sugar.
- Question 16 of 40
What is the correct response when treating a patient with severe hypothermia?
A. Rub the patient’s arms and legs to generate heat.
B. Immerse the patient in warm water.
C. Apply warm blankets and use passive rewarming techniques.
D. Provide hot drinks if the patient is conscious.
Correct Answer: C. Apply warm blankets and use passive rewarming techniques.
For severe hypothermia, using passive rewarming techniques like applying warm blankets helps gradually raise the body temperature.
- Question 17 of 40
How should an EMT manage a situation where an adult patient is refusing care despite obvious signs of a stroke?
A. Respect the patient’s wishes and do not treat.
B. Transport the patient against their will for their safety.
C. Explain the risks of not receiving care and attempt to persuade.
D. Wait for family members to arrive and decide.
Correct Answer: C. Explain the risks of not receiving care and attempt to persuade.
When a patient refuses care despite obvious signs of a stroke, it’s important to explain the risks and attempt to persuade them to receive treatment.
- Question 18 of 40
What action should an EMT take first for a patient experiencing severe abdominal pain?
A. Administer pain relievers as permitted by local protocol.
B. Encourage the patient to eat to assess the reaction.
C. Perform a detailed abdominal assessment including palpation.
D. Transport the patient promptly while monitoring vital signs.
Correct Answer: D. Transport the patient promptly while monitoring vital signs.
Rapid transport while monitoring vital signs is essential for a patient with severe abdominal pain to receive timely medical evaluation.
- Question 19 of 40
For a burn victim with burns on the hands and face, what is the priority treatment?
A. Immediate cooling of the burns with ice.
B. Cover the burns with moist, sterile dressings.
C. Ensure that the patient’s airway is protected.
D. Apply topical antibiotics to prevent infection.
Correct Answer: C. Ensure that the patient’s airway is protected.
For a burn victim, especially with facial burns, ensuring the airway is protected is a top priority.
- Question 20 of 40
What should be the primary concern when arriving at the scene of a chemical spill with multiple casualties?
A. Immediate decontamination individuals.
B. Evacuation of the immediate area.
C. Assessment of individual injuries without regard to the chemical involved.
D. Identification of the chemical to tailor specific treatments
Correct Answer: A. Immediate decontamination of all individuals.
Immediate decontamination is critical in a chemical spill scenario to prevent further absorption of hazardous substances and reduce long-term health risks.
- Question 21 of 40
You respond to a call where a cyclist has suffered a severe arm laceration. The patient is conscious but in shock. What is the first step in management?
A. Apply direct pressure to the wound.
B. Assess the patient’s airway and breathing.
C. Administer pain medication as prescribed.
D. Call for an immediate air ambulance.
Correct Answer: B. Assess the patient’s airway and breathing.
Ensuring the patient’s airway and breathing are stable is crucial before addressing bleeding, even in cases of shock.
- Question 22 of 40
A patient is found with a suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Which of the following is the appropriate first response?
A. Administer flumazenil.
B. Perform gastric lavage.
C. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation.
D. Encourage vomiting to expel the drug.
Correct Answer: C. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation.
The primary concern with any overdose is to ensure the airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and circulation is maintained.
- Question 23 of 40
During an emergency call for a chest pain patient, what should you check before administering aspirin?
A. The patient’s temperature.
B. If the patient has consumed any alcohol.
C. The patient’s allergy history.
D. Patient’s previous response to aspirin.
Correct Answer: C. The patient’s allergy history.
Checking for allergies is essential before administering any medication, including aspirin, to prevent allergic reactions.
- Question 24 of 40
For a patient experiencing acute abdominal pain, which assessment technique should be avoided?
A. Palpating the abdomen deeply.
B. Listening for bowel sounds.
C. Checking for rebound tenderness.
D. Observing the abdomen for distension.
Correct Answer: A. Palpating the abdomen deeply.
Deep palpation can worsen pain or cause further damage and should be avoided in patients with acute abdominal pain.
