4. Ventricular septal defect

Question 1

Ventricular septal defect definition and localization?

Answer 1

It usually occurs in combination with other abnormalities. It is usually
localized in the membranous or muscular part.

Question 2

Defects?

Answer 2

The resulting situation depends on the size of the
defect and on the state of lung field. Very small defects can close spontaneously. Larger ones can be
fatal due to cardiac decompensation in young age. In early neonatal period there is usually heart
failure because neonatal myocardium cannot tolerate a hemodynamic load. It is the result of
immature intracellular structures of cardiomyocytes

Question 3

Another factor?

Answer 3

Another factor of the low capacity of a newborn myocardium to tolerate high working demands is
that the heart rate and the end diastolic volume are both markedly high even at rest.

Question 4

Defect 2?

Answer 4

In a long lasting
defect there might be a development of pulmonary hypertension. In cases of large defect with
pulmonary hypertension there is a large risk of possible development of an anatomical obstruction of
pulmonary vessels. This condition is irreversible.

Question 5

Pulmonary vascular obstruction?

Answer 5

is manifested
by dyspnea, retrosternal pain, syncope and hemoptysis.