4. Water Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

What drives movement of water around the world

A

Gravity and solar radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main stores in hydrological cycle

A

Oceans, ice, groundwater, surface freshwater, atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flows in the hydrological stores

A

Surface runoff, transpiration, evaporation, condensation, advection, precipitation, melting, percolation, stream flow and groundwater flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Transformation of ice directly to water vapour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Advection meaning

A

Wind-blown movement of water vapour or condensed/frozen water droplets (clouds).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Percolation meaning

A

Water moving in the soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the energy that powers the water cycle come from?

A

The sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consequences on deforestation for water flows/stores

A
  • trees and plants slow down groundwater flow of water allowing for more infiltration/percolation instead of surface runoff
  • trees increase evapotranspiration as water is drawn up from the soil and released to the air during transpiration.
  • water falling on trees and accumulating on leaves also evaporates going back to the atmosphere water stores. (Increases humidity and in turn more precipitation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effect of urbanization on water flows/stores

A
  • Land in urban areas is often paves increasing impermeabilization of the area.
    -> forces water to flow over surface (surface runoff) may lead to places with no water infiltration -> accumulating on land
  • rivers overflowing often lead to riverbanks erosion.
  • areas of natural vegetation and soil tend to be small and fragmented.
  • large exchange of freshwater for waste-water in towns.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Water security meaning

A

Having access to sufficient amounts of safe/potable water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tools to increase drinkable water

A
  • Construction of dams
  • rainwater catchment systems
  • desalination plants
  • enhancement of natural wetlands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Water scarcity meaning

A

The limited availability of water to human societies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physical water scarcity

A
  • dry climates in that region
  • over-extraction of water for uses such as agriculture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Economic water scarcity

A
  • physical infrastructure is not in place to ensure clean safe water distribution
  • rich have access clean water, they can afford their own systems to clean the water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Water conservation techniques and strategies

A

Techniques
- Metering
- Rationing
- Greywater recycling
- Low-flush toilets
- Rainwater harvesting

Strategies:
- Greenhouses
- Aquaponics
- drip irrigation
- drought resistant crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Microscopic plankton capable of photosynthesis (oceans, seas and freshwater)

17
Q

Macrophytes

A

Aquatic plants that are visible (emergent from water, submerged or floating)

18
Q

Maximum sustainable yield