opthomology Flashcards
What is astigmatism?
asymmetric corneal surface that causes inconsistent refraction of light
What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
What are risk factors for cataracts?
trauma, DM, corticosteroid use, age, alcohol/tobacco use
What condition should be suspected for patients who need frequent lens prescription changes?
glaucoma. perform pressure testing
What findings suggest open angle glaucoma?
gradual loss of vidual fields from peripheral to central, halos around lights, HA, porr adaptation to changes in lights; cupped optic discs. unlike closed angle glaucoma, this is typically a bilateral process
What are the treatments for open angle glaucoma?
topical beta blockers like timolol, and alpha adrenergic agonists to decrease aqueous humor production. choninergic agonists like pilocarpine and alpha adrenergic agonists increase aqueous humor removal
What exam is contraindicated in a pt with suspected close angle glaucoma?
pupil dilation
What is the clinical presentation for closed angle glaucoma?
acute incr in IOP that causes severe eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, N/V, hard inflamed eye with a dilated and non-reactive pupil
What is the tx for closed angle glaucoma?
acetazolamide, pilocarpine. laser iridotomy to prevent recurrence; often done on other eye too as prophylactic measure
What is the hx typical of macular degeneration?
elderly, significant sun exposure, HTN, tobacco with painless gradual loss of vision from central to peripheral
retinal pigmentation seen for atrophic type and retinal hemorrhage seen for exudative/rapid type
What is the tx for macular degeneration?
vitamin C, vitamin E, beta carotene, copper and zinc to slow progression. ranibizumab to treat exudative lesions, laser photocoagulation to treat discrete lesions
What is the hx typical for retinal detachment?
painless acute loss of vision (window shade pulled over eye or numerous floaters), pigmented fragments or gray retina flowing in vitreous humor on exam
What are findings of retinal artery occlusion?
sudden painless loss of vision with cherry red spot in fovea and poor arterial filling
What are findings of retinal artery occlusion?
cotton wool spots, edema, retinal hemorrhage, dilated veins
