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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 9 Steel Construction > Flashcards

9 Steel Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Basic properties of steel

A

Strongest building material
Non rotting, resistant to aging, dimensionally stable
Consistent
Relatively expensive but strength and variety allows for less quantity to be used

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2
Q

Ductile

A

Capable of being bent shaped or drawn out

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3
Q

Lower carbon content of steel compared to iron allows it to

A

Be shaped due to it being less brittle and more ductile

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4
Q

Cold rolled steel is used for members that

A

Have a thin cross section, such as floor decking and wall studs

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5
Q

Two disadvantages of steel

A

Rusts

Loses strength when heated by fire

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6
Q

At 1200 degrees f steel loses what percent of strength

A

Appx 72%

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7
Q

Amount of expansion when heated for slender steel members such as columns and beams, can be determined by a property known as

A

The linear coefficient of thermal expansion

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8
Q

Linear coefficient of thermal expansion, unrestrained steel beam 20’ long is heated from 70 to 1000 degrees uniformly, it would expand

A

1.4 inches, if restrained it would expand less

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9
Q

Heating of steel members is not uniform in fires, therefor the expansion is

A

Not uniform

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10
Q

Cast iron fronts were used in old buildings cast iron cracks from impact load rather than yielding like steel. It’s concerning because

A

A crack could cause collapse of cast iron building front

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11
Q

Steel Beams and columns are connected on two ways

A

Welding or bolting, riveting was once used but not practical any more.

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12
Q

Beam and girder steel frames can be classified as

A

Rigid, simple, or semi rigid.

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13
Q

Rigid frame steel building

A

Connections between beams and columns designed to resist bending forces from load and lateral force

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14
Q

Girder

A

Large horizontal member used to support joists and beams at isolated points along their length

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15
Q

Simple steel frame

A

Joints designed primarily to support vertical force. Beams and trusses frequently supports by masonry

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16
Q

Semi rigid

A

Possess enough rigidity to provide some diagonal support. May use sheer walls or diagonal bracing

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17
Q

Steel trusses provide a structural member that can carry loads

A

Across a greater distance than beams

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18
Q

In three dimensional space frames, steel stresses are known as

A

Delta trusses because they resemble the triangular Greek delta

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19
Q

Two common applications of basic trusses

A

Open web joist and joist girder

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20
Q

Bar joist

A

Open web truss entirely of steel with steel bars as web members

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21
Q

Open web joists are available on what range of size

A

Depth up to 6 ft and span up to 144’, more frequently depth of less than 2’ and span of 40’

22
Q

Steel rigid frame building with gabled roof is widely used for

A

One story industrial, farm buildings spanning 40-00 ft

23
Q

Steel arches are used for large unobstructed interior flor space requirements spanning in excess of

A

300 ft

24
Q

Girder arch

A

Solid arch built from angles and webs

25
Q

Trusses arch

A

two halves of the arch are made of trusses and are pinned in the middle

26
Q

Slenderness of steel members can cause what when used as columns

A

Bucking and is a function of the length of the column

27
Q

Columns for structural support should not have a slenderness ratio greater than

A

120

28
Q

Three methods of supporting floors in steel buildings

A

Open web joist (bar joist) or trusses
Steel beams
Light gauge steel joists

29
Q

Open web joists are commonly used to support floors of

A

Concrete minimum 2” over metal deck, supported by steel beams or masonry walls at ends

30
Q

Steel joists are produced with depths of, and can be spaced up to

A

Depth of 6-12” and spaced 16-48” apart

31
Q

Mass of steel reduced failure rate in fires, therefore, beam and girder type rigid connections

A

Are less prone to failure

32
Q

Gusset plates

A

Metal or weeded plate used to connect and strengthen intersections of meal or wooden truss components

33
Q

Gusset plate also increases what at the connection

A

Mass, therefore decreasing the possibility of failure

34
Q

In gabled rigid frame what is the strongest part of the roof and wall

A

Knee joint, last to fail

35
Q

On older buildings, steel framework was encased in brick or concrete. Steel column encased in 3 inches of concrete with siliceous aggregate would have a fire rating of

A

4 hrs

36
Q

In modern applications the most common used insulation, or fire resistance, is

A

Gypsum, sprayed materials, and intumescent coatings

37
Q

Some fire resistance is applied by spraying and are known collectively as

A

Spray applied fire resistant materials SFRMs

38
Q

A type of gypsum with additives like glass fibers to increase fire resistance used where specific requirements are needed

A

Type x gypsum.

39
Q

Fire resistance value of gypsum is from

A

It’s worse content, 21%

40
Q

Most common forms of SFRMs are

A

Mineral fiber

expanded aggregate coatings such as vermiculite and perlite

41
Q

Spray on fire resistance is based on type and thickness of material, applied proofing can rage from what thickness and fire rating

A

7/8- 1 7/8” with fire rating of 1-4 hrs

42
Q

Cementitious

A

Containing or composed of cement, with cement like characteristics

43
Q

Cementitious ingredients can include

A

Portland cement, gypsum, perlite, and vermiculite
Some manufacturers use magnesium oxychloride, oxysulfste, calcium aluminate, phosphate , or ammonium sulfate
Density ranging from 15-50 lb/cubic ft

44
Q

Intumescent coating

A

Coating or paint like products that chars, foams, and expands when exposed to heat creating insulating barrier. Expanding 15-30 times

45
Q

Mastic coating reacts similar to

A

Intumescent coatings, but are complex and organic

46
Q

Intumescent coatings have a thickness of

A

0.03 to 0.4”

47
Q

Membrane ceiling

A

Suspended insulating tile ceilings to provide fire resistance of 1-3 hrs as a rated ceiling assembly

48
Q

Ceiling assemblies aren’t rated individually but rather as part of a floor and ceiling assembly, penetration of the ceiling can

A

Severely reduce or eliminate the fire rating

49
Q

Reduction in fire code requirements examples

A

Eliminating fire resistance requirements for roof members 20 ft or higher over floor
Allowing reduction in fire resistance when building is sprinklered when not normally required.

50
Q

In IBC building type ratings, the letter designation afterward indicates fire resistance, type II A vs type II B, which is more resistant

A

Type a is more resistant than type b

51
Q

Fire resistance of steel depends on

A

Mass of steel and degree of fire resistance provided

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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