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AP Biology > Chapter 51- Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 51- Animal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

agon

A

a contest
(agonistic behavior: a type of behavior involving a contest of some king that determines which competitor gains access to some resource)
Example: food, mates

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2
Q

andro

A

a man

polyandry: a polygamous mating system involving one female and many males

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3
Q

ethos

A

custom, habit

ethology: the study of animal behavior in natural conditions

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4
Q

gyno

A

a woman

polygyny: a polygamous mating system involving one male and may females

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5
Q

kine

A

move

kinesis: a change in activity rate in response to a stimulus

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6
Q

mono

A

one

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7
Q

gamy

A

reproduction

monogamous: a type of relationship in which one male mates with just one female

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8
Q

poly

A

many

polygamous: a type of relationship in which an individual of one sex mates with several of the other sex

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9
Q

socio

A

a companion

sociobiology: the study of social behavior based on evolutionary theory

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10
Q

altruism

A

selflessness; behavior that reduces an individual’s fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual

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11
Q

associative learning

A

The acquired ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as danger)

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12
Q

behavior

A

Individually, an action carried out by muscles or glands under control of the nervous system in response to a stimulus; collectively, the sum of animal’s responses to external and internal stimuli

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13
Q

behavioral ecology

A

The study of the evolution of and ecological basis for animal behavior

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14
Q

coefficient of relatedness

A

The fraction of genes that, on average, are shared by two individuals

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15
Q

cognition

A

The process of knowing that may include awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgment

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16
Q

cognitive map

A

A neural representation of the abstract spatial relationships between objects in an animal’s surroundings

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17
Q

communication

A

In animal behavior, a process involving transmission of, reception of, and response to signals. The term is used in connection with other organisms, as well as individual cells of multi-cellular organisms

18
Q

cross-fostering study

A

A behavioral study in which the young of one species are place in the care of adults from another species

19
Q

culture

A

A system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population

20
Q

fixed action pattern

A

In animal behavior, a sequence of unlearned acts that is essentially unchangeable and, once initiated, usually carried to competition

21
Q

foraging

A

The seeking and obtaining of food

22
Q

game theory

A

An approach to evaluating alternative strategies in situations where the outcome of a particular strategy depends on the strategies used by other individuals

23
Q

Hamilton’s Rule

A

The principle that for natural selection to favor an altruistic act, the benefit to the recipient, devalued by the coefficient of relatedness, must exceed the cost to the altruist

24
Q

imprinting

A

In animal behavior, the formation at a specific stage in life of a long-lasting behavioral response to a specific individual or object

see also genomic imprinting

25
Q

inclusive fitness

A

The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to increase production of their offspring

26
Q

innate behavior

A

Animal behavior that is developmentally fixed and under strong genetic control. Innate behavior is exhibited in virtually the same form by all individuals in a population despite internal and external environmental differences during development and throughout their lifetimes

27
Q

kin selection

A

Natural selection that favors altruistic behavior by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives

28
Q

learning

A

The modification of behavior based on specific experiences

29
Q

mate-choice copying

A

Behavior in which individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others, apparently as a result of social learning

30
Q

migration

A

A regular, long-distance change in location

31
Q

monogamous

A

Referring to a type of relationship in which one male mates with just one female

32
Q

optimal foraging model

A

The basis for analyzing behavior as a compromise between feeding costs and feeding benefits

33
Q

pheromone

A

In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior

34
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

Altruistic behavior between unrelated individuals, whereby the altruistic individual benefits in the future when the beneficiary reciprocates

35
Q

sensitive period

A

A limited phase in an animal’s development when learning of particular behaviors can take place; also called a critical period

36
Q

sign stimulus

A

An external sensory cue that triggers a fixed action pattern by an animal

37
Q

signal

A

In animal behavior, transmission of a stimulus from one animal to another. The term is also used in the context of communication in other kinds of organisms and in cell-to-cell communication in all multi-cellular organisms

38
Q

social learning

A

Modification of behavior though the observation of other individuals

39
Q

sociobiology

A

The study of social based on evolutionary theory

40
Q

spatial learning

A

The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure

41
Q

twin study

A

A behavioral study in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with that of identical twins raised in the same household

AP Biology (6 decks)

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