Osmosis, Polarity and Bonding

Question 1

Identify differences in electronegativity and explain how bond polarity is created from electronegative differences

Answer 1

The element with higher electronegativity in the bond holds the electrons more closely. This unequal sharing of electrons can give a partial to a strong charge on the elements within the bond.

Question 2

Explain characteristics of different intermolecular interactions

Answer 2

Ionic- large electronegativity difference between elements in bond
H-bonding- Hydrogen has an attraction to N or O in another molecular
Van der Waals- molecules influence each other attraction and works like a zipper or domino affect

Question 3

Compare the strengths of different intermolecular interactions

Answer 3

Ionic > H-bonding > Van der Waals Dipole-Dipole > Van der Waals Dispersion

Question 4

Explain the advantages of discriminatory solubility

Answer 4

Ability to form cell membranes such as lipid bilayer due to amphipathic molecules

Question 5

Solve [osmolarity] for an aqueous solution

Answer 5

Molarity*(# of osmoles the solute produces)

Question 6

Predict structural changes when cells move between hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions

Answer 6

In hypotonic- Cell fills with solution and lyses
In isotonic- Cell solution volume remains constant
In hypertonic- Cell’s solution rushes out of cell and it shrivels