GI drugs Flashcards
What two drugs stimulate appetite by blocking GABA agonists?
Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam), Propofol
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding Benzodiazepines as an appetite stimulant?
A. Inhibit GABA inhibits satiety center to increase appetite.
B. More effective in cats than dogs.
C. Useful for long term only.
D. Most common side effect is ataxia.
B. More effective in cats than dogs.
- STIMULATES GABA inhibits satiety center to increase appetitie.
- Useful for short term only.
- Most common side effect is sedation.
Which of the following is CORRECT about Propofol as an appetite stimulant?
A. Mechanism is well understood: stimulation of GABA and inhibition of 5-HT.
B. Effect is seen at full-hypnotic doses.
C. Very long term.
D. Caution in cats: Heinz body anemia possible if >5 days.
D. Caution in cats: Heinz body anemia possible if >5 days.
- Mechanism is not well understood: stimulation of GABA and inhibition of 5-HT.
- Effect is seen at sub-hypnotic doses.
- Very SHORT term.
What are two drugs that antagonize Serotonin (5-HT) receptors?
Cyproheptadine, Mirtazapine
T/F. Serotonin (5-HT) antagonists inhibit satiety center by blocking 5-HT receptors.
True.
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding Cyproheptadine as an appetite stimulant?
A. Effective in cats, not so much in dogs.
B. Used IV (not well absorbed).
C. Generally takes over a week to see a reponse.
D. Most common side effect is ataxia.
A. Effective in cats, not so much in dogs.
- Used ORAL (well absorbed).
- Takes 2-3 days to see a response.
- Most common side effect is sedation.
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Mirtazapine as an appetite stimulant?
A. Used in cats more than dogs.
B. Pharmacokinetics not well understood.
C. Blocks 5-HT receptors and increases NE centrally.
A. Used in cats more than dogs.
Used in dogs more than cats.
T/F. Emetic center is located outside of BBB.
False.
INSIDE BBB
What is an important emetic drug that acts peripherally?
Hydrogen peroxide 3%
Which of the following is CORRECT about Hydrogen peroxide 3% as an emetic?
A. No irritation seen.
B. Used for immediate treatment (At-home emesis).
C. Do not use in dogs (hemorrhagic gastritis).
D. Other peripheral antiemetics are less risky.
B. Used for immediate treatment (At-home emesis).
- Irritation of oropharynx and GI lining.
- Do not use in CATS (hemorrhagic gastritis).
- Other peripheral antiemetics are MORE risky.
What are important emetic drugs that act centrally?
Apomorphine, Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine
Which of the following is CORRECT about Apomophine as an emetic?
A. Stimulates dopamine receptors (this is an opioid drug).
B. Only be given ophthamically (conjuctival sac).
C. More effective in cats.
D. Overdose can cause death.
A. Stimulates dopamine receptors (this is an opioid drug).
- Can be given in all routes.
- More effective in dogs.
- Overdose can cause RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (reverse with naloxone > it won’t reverse the emetic effect).
Xylazine/Dexmedetomidine are alpha-2 agonists and used as antiemetic drugs. They are more effective in cats than dogs since cats have more alpha-2 receptors.
False.
Everything else true except that they are EMETIC DRUGS.
T/F. Serotonin is inhibitors of appetite. GABA, dopamine, epinephrine are stimulants of appetite.
True.
Which of the following is INCORRECT about appetite stimulants?
A. Identify and treat the underlying cause.
B. Palatable, digestible food (beware of food adversion).
C. Pharmacologic agents
D. Enteral or parenteral feeding.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above
