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PHA2 > Antibiotic crossword > Flashcards

Antibiotic crossword Flashcards

1
Q

This test can be useful if a full culture and sensitivity cannot be preformed

A

gram stain

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2
Q

The kidney, liver, nervous system, bone marrow, and GI tract are common sites of _____________ with antimicrobials

A

toxicity

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3
Q

A nonselective toxic chemical used topically to kill microorganisms

A

Antiseptic

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4
Q

Technically this term refers to substances secreted by living organisms to inhibit other organisms

A

Antibiotic

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5
Q

Transferable drug resistance encompasses ___________, transduction, and transformation

A

Conjugation

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6
Q

An antibiotic that is effective against a number of gram positive and gram negative organisms is considered ____________ spectrum

A

Broad

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7
Q

When a group of susceptible animals are treated with antibiotics after exposure to a pathogen to prevent disease

A

Metaphylaxis

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8
Q

The Minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of antibiotic that will cause this in a bacterium

A

Death

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9
Q

Dead bugs don’t _______

A

Mutate

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10
Q

This kind of resistance is present when a bacterium lacks the target of an antibiotic

A

Intrinsic

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11
Q

Potential nephrotoxicity of some antibiotics may be increases by concurrent use of these drugs

A

Diuretics

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12
Q

Mammalian cells lack this, but some antibiotics target it

A

cell wall

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13
Q

Antibiotics that target cell membranes tend to be more ___________

A

Toxic

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14
Q

Both chromosomal mutation and transferable drug resistance represent this type of resistance

A

acquired

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15
Q

Antibiotics that work best when a certain concentration is sustained over a long period of time are considered ____________-dependent antibiotics

A

Time

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16
Q

Antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis more commonly fall into this category

A

Bacteriostatic

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17
Q

The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that will stop the organism from reproducing is the minimum _____________ concentration

A

inhibitory

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18
Q

Concentration-dependent antibiotics often work best with _______ daily dosing

A

Once

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19
Q

A species in which penicillins should generally not be used orally

A

Guinea pigs

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20
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic that induces microsomal enzymes to which resistance develops rapidly

A

Rifampin

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21
Q

A macrolide antibiotic that is also used as a GI prokinetic

A

Erythromycin

22
Q

A carbepenam antibiotic that is used subcutaneously

A

Meropenem

23
Q

Fluoroquinolones inhibit function of this enzyme

A

DNA gyrase

24
Q

Acts as a 30s ribosomal subunit and can cause yellow discoloration of the teeth in young animals

A

Tetracyclines

25
Q

Antibiotics that act as cationic detergents to disrupt cell membranes

A

Polymyxin B

26
Q

Antimicrobial resistance due to mutation within the microbe

A

Chromosomal

27
Q

The major toxicities seen with aminoglycosides are ototoxicity and _____________

A

nephrotoxicity

28
Q

Resistance is due to normal lack of the antimicrobial target in the bacteria

A

Intrinsic

29
Q

Class of antibiotics that are good against gram-negative bacteria as well as mycoplasma

A

Fluoroquinolones

30
Q

Pus is so rich in this that it can overcome the action of sulfonamides

A

PABA

31
Q

A natural penicillin that should not be given IV

A

Penicillin G

32
Q

Banned in food producing animals due to risk of aplastic anemia in humans

A

Chloramphenacol

33
Q

One of the most common adverse effects seen with sulfonamide use in dogs

A

KCS

34
Q

This class is synergistic with penicillins in vivo but incompatible in vitro

A

Aminoglycosides

35
Q

Streptogramin work on the ______ subunit of the ribosome

A

50s

36
Q

Clindamycin is a member of this subclass of antibiotics that have good anaerobic activity

A

lincosamides

37
Q

Specific treatment for tritrichamonas in felines

A

Ronidazole

38
Q

A last resort antibiotic for MRSA in humans that prevents attachment of the ribosome to mRNA

A

Linezolid

39
Q

A cell-wall disrupting antibiotic that is often used topically to avoid toxicity

A

Bacitracin

40
Q

Azithromycin and some other macrolides have extended effects due to accumulation in these

A

Phagocytes

41
Q

Ormetoprim is an example of a drug that inhibits this

A

dihydrofolatereductase

42
Q

OFten used with other antibiotics for anaerobic infections and also has immunomodulatory effects

A

metronidazole

43
Q

The lowest antimicrobial concentration at which bacterial replication is halted

A

MIC

44
Q

A beta-lactamase inhibitor commonly combined with amoxicillin

A

Clavulanic acid

45
Q

A first-generation cephalosporin used intramammary for mastitis in cattle

A

Cephapirin

46
Q

High urinary excretion and more effective in acidic urine

A

Nitrofurantoin

47
Q

A third generation cephalosporin that is a pro-drug aster converted to the acctive ingredient after absorption

A

Cefpodoxime

48
Q

A topical antibiotic that can be useful against MRSP/MRSA and used for decolonization in humans

A

Mupirocin

49
Q

A tetracycline that is usually used orally but can cause esophageal irritation

A

Doxycycline

50
Q

A macrolide that can cause cardiac issues if given IV

A

Tilmicosin

51
Q

Novobiocin activity against gram positive bacteria is ______

A

good

52
Q

Commensal Bacteria can act as a ____________ for resistance genes

A

Reservoir

PHA2 (9 decks)

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