Diseases

Question 1

Buergers disease

Answer 1

Inflammation and thrombosis in small and medium sized blood vessels, typically in legs and leading to gangrene. Associated with smoking. Damages and destroys skin, tissues, and can lead to infection and gangrene

Question 2

Swan-ganz (pulmonary artery) catheter

Answer 2

Balloon flotation catheter that can be floated into the right side of the heart and pulmonary artery. It provides information to rapidly determine hemodynamic pressures, CO, and provides access to mixed venous blood sampling

Question 3

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 3

Blood, fluid, or exudates have leaked into the pericardial sac resulting in compression of the heart. SnS- dec CO (shock), (CVP inc, BP dropping= hallmark signs), neck veins distended, clear lungs, narrowed pulse pressure (systolic-diastolic)

Question 4

Intermittent claudication

Answer 4

Pain. Hallmark sign for arterial problems. Tx w/ angioplasty and endarterectomy

Question 5

Shock

Answer 5

Hypovolemia- most common cause. Indications- inc pulse, dec BP, pallor, diaphoresis, moist cold skin, clammy, oliguria, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis, and altered sensorium. Tx- correct physiologic abnormalities, restore and maintain tissue perfusion

Question 6

Essential HTN and secondary

Answer 6

Risk factor- high salt diet, family history, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, obesity. Cause unknown. Secondary- caused by kidney disease

Question 7

Stages of HTN

Answer 7

1- systolic 140-150mmHg or diastolic 90-99 mmHg.
2- systolic >160. Diastolic > 100.
Prehypertension- systolic 120-139. Diastolic 80-89 mmHg.

Question 8

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 8

Austin flint murmur heard at the apex of the heart