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PANCE Prep Pearls > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q
A

Scarlet Fever rash

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2
Q
A

Erysipelas

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3
Q
A

Impetigo

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4
Q

Jones Criteria: Major Criteria (5)

A
  1. Carditis
  2. Erythema marginatum
  3. Subcutaneous nodules
  4. Sydenham’s chorea
  5. Arthritis
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5
Q

Jones Criteria: Minor Criteria (7)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Polyarthralgias
  3. Reversible prolongation of the PR interval
  4. Rapid ESR
  5. Elevated CRP
  6. Leukocytosis
  7. History of rheumatic fever
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6
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Management

A

Penicillin G or VK, Augmentin. Macrolides if PCN allergic. Clindamycin

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7
Q

Impetigo: Management

A

Topical Mupirocin (Bactroban) treatment of choice.

PO keflex, erythromycin, clindamycin

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8
Q

Cellulitis: Managment

A
  1. Cephalexin, dicloxacillin
  2. Clindamycin or erythromycin (if PCN allergic)
  3. MRSA: Bactrim 2nd best PO med for MRSA; clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid
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9
Q

Erysipelas: Management

A

IV PCN. Vancomycin (if PCN allergic or MRSA suspected)

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10
Q

Cat bite: Management

A
  1. Augmentin
  2. If PCN allergic –> Clindamycin + (Moxifloxacin or Bactrim)
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11
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis (Flesh eating disease): Management

A
  1. Surgical debridement + broad spectrum abx (ex: Unasyn, Zozyn, imipenem)
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12
Q

Osteomyelitis: Management

A

Nafcillin or Oxacillin (+/- Unasyn, Zosyn, Imipenem)

FQs if sickle cell disease

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13
Q

Septic Arthritis: Management

A
  1. Arthrotomy + abx. If gram positive –> Nafcillin, Vanco, Clindamycin. If gram negative –>ceftriaxone
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14
Q

Diphtheria: Management

A
  1. Diphtheria antitoxin (horse serum) + erythromycin or penicillin x 2 weeks
  2. Erythromycin is given to close contacts
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15
Q
A

Erysipeloid

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16
Q

Erysipeloid: Management

A
  1. Penicillin G, cephalosporin, clindamycin (Good gram positive coverage)
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17
Q

Tetanus: Management

A
  1. Metronidazole or PCN G + Tetanus immune globulin (ex: 5,000 units)
  2. Diazepam (Benzos used to reduce spasms)
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18
Q

Gas Gangrene: Management

A
  1. Penicillin 2 million units q3h IV
  2. Tetracycline, clindamycin, metronidazole
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19
Q

Botulism: Management

A
  1. Antitoxins in all cases*. Respiratory support: intubation if respiratory failure
  2. Cathartics to remove toxins. No abx in foodbourne type (may worsen)
  3. Antibiotics ONLY used in wound botulism: PCN G, chloramphenicol, clindamycin
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20
Q

Listeriosis: Management

A

IV Ampicillin tx of choice* + gentamicin (synergistic). Bactrim

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21
Q

Chlamydia: Management

A

1 g Azithromycin (one time dose) or Doxycycline 100mg bid for 10 days. Re-test in 3 weeks to ensure clearance of the organism. Also tx for gonorrhea.

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22
Q

Gonorrhea: Management

A

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM, Cefixime. Tx for chlamydia

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23
Q

Meningiococcal meningitis: Management

A

Penicillin G tx of choice*. Chloramphenicol, 3rd generation cephalosporin

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24
Q

Meningococcal meningitis: Prophylaxis

A

Ciprofloxacin or Rifampin

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25
Q

Chancroid: Management

A
  1. Azithromycin 1 g x 1 dose
  2. Ceftriaxone 250mg IM
  3. Erythromycin
  4. Cipro
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26
Q

Cat Scratch Disease: Management

A
  1. Self-limiting usually requiring sxatic therapy (antipyretics, analgesics, warm compresses)
  2. If moderate disease: Azithromycin; amoxicillin or doxycycline
  3. Severe –> Rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin IM
27
Q

Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Management

A
  1. Erythromycin drug of choice
  2. Bactrim 2nd line agent
  3. Treatment is generally ineffective @ changing clinical course but decreases contagiousness
28
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae: Management

A
  1. Amoxicillin, augmentin (if positive for beta lactamase), FQ, bactrim
  2. IV ceftriaxone for epiglottitis, pneumonia, and meningitis
29
Q

Tularemia: Management

A
  1. Streptomycin drug of choice*
  2. Gentamicin
  3. Doxycycline
30
Q

Brucellosis: Management

A

Doxycycline + Rifampin and/or streptomycin and/or gentamicin

31
Q

Hot tub folliculitis: Management

A
  1. Usually resolves within 7-14 days without treatment
  2. Ciprofloxacin PO if persistent
32
Q

Anthrax: Management

A

1. Ciprofloxacin for tx and exposure*.

  1. Doxycycline, Rifampin + Macrolide, clindamycin
33
Q

Plague: Management

A
  1. Streptomycin or gentamicin*
  2. Doxycycline 2nd line
  3. Strict respiratory isolation for @ least 48 hours after initiating abx therapy
34
Q

Plague: post exposure prophylaxis

A

Doxycycline or tetracycline

35
Q

Syphilis: Management

A

Penicillin G tx of choice*

Tetracyclines, macrolides, ceftriaxone if PCN allergic

36
Q

Lyme Disease: Management

A
  1. Doxycycline*; Amoxicillin (DOC in children <9y) x2-3 weeks, cefuroxime
  2. IV ceftriaxone if 2nd/3rd AVB, syncope, dyspnea, chest pain or CNS disease (other than Bell’s palsy)
37
Q

Lyme Disease: Prophylaxis

A
  1. Doxycycline within 72 hours if Ixodes tick @ least 36 hours and >20% ticks infected in area
38
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Management

A

Doxycycline (even in children*), chloramphenicol

39
Q

Amebiasis: Management

A

Metronidazole; Tinidazole, Paromomycin (anti-parasitic aminoglycoside)

40
Q

Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Management

A

Biguanides, chlorhexadine, propamidine, neomycin-polymyxin

41
Q

Malaria: Management

A

Chlorquine*, quinidine; Atovaquone (with doxycycline or clindamycin) if multi drug resistant area*

42
Q

Babesiosis: Management

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin OR Clindamycin + Quinine

43
Q

Taxoplasmosis: Management

A
  1. Sulfadiazene (or clindamycin) + Pyrimethamine (with folinic acid/leucovorin to prevent bone marrow suppression and reduce nephrotoxicity)
  2. Spiramycin if pregnant
44
Q

Taxoplasmosis: Prophylaxis

A

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazene, Leucovorin. Bactrim

45
Q

Enterobiasis (Pinworm): Management

A

Albendazole, mebendazole.

Pyrantel 2nd line (not used in children <2y)

46
Q

Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Management

A

Nifurtimox for 90-120 days depending on age. Benznidazole

47
Q

African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness): Management

A

Infectious disease consult

48
Q

Trichinosis (Trichenellosis): Management

A
  1. Mild cases: Most cases are mild and self-limiting and require only symptomatic treatment (analgesia and antipyretics)
  2. Severe cases: albendazole or mebendazole (antiparasitic with steroids)
49
Q

Ascariasis (roundworm): Management

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole; Pyrantel if pregnant (given after 1st trimester)*

50
Q

Leishmaniasis: Management

A

Infectious disease consult

51
Q

Ehrlichiosis: Management

A

Doxycycline, Rifampin. Chloramphenicol

52
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC): Management

A

Clarithromycin + Ethambutol* @ least 12 months (+/- rifampin)

53
Q

Mycobacterium Kansaii: Management

A

Rifampin + Ethambutol

54
Q

Mycobacterium Marinum: Management

A

Tetracyclines, FQ, Macrolides, Sulfonamides for 4-6 weeks

55
Q

Leprosy (Hansen Disease): Management

A
  1. Lepromatous: Dapsone, Rifampin, clofazimine x 2-3 years
  2. Tuberculoid: Dapsone + Rifampin 6-12 months followed by Dapsone x 2 years
56
Q

Herpes Keratitis: Management

A

Antiviral eye drops (ex: trifluridine, vidarabine, acyclovir) + PO acyclovir

57
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: Management

A

Acyclovir (IV for encephalitis), Valacyclovir, Famcyclovir

58
Q

Cytomegalovirus: Management

A

Ganciclovir treatment of choice* or Foscarnet, Cidofovir

59
Q

Chicken Pox: Management

A

Symptomatic Treatment

60
Q

Shingles: Management

A

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir (given within 72 hours to prevent PHN)

61
Q

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Management

A

PO antivirals (may add trifluridine, acyclovir, vidarabine ophthalmic)

62
Q

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: Management

A

Oral acyclovir and corticosteroids

63
Q

Post-herpetic neuralgia: Management

A

Gabapentin or TCA. Topical (lidocaine gel, capsaicin)

64
Q
A

PANCE Prep Pearls (7 decks)

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