Plant Cells

Question 1

Starch Granule

Answer 1

Carbohydrate stored in amyloplasts (plastids for special storage). Plastids are unique to plants. Non-photosynthesis plastids usually store materials.

Question 2

Chloroplast

Answer 2

Specialized plastids that contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. They contain dense stacks of membranes (grana) with a colorless stroma. This is where photosynthesis happens. They mainly occur in the leaves.

Question 3

Cell Wall

Answer 3

A semi-rigid structure outside the plasma membrane. It is composed of mainly cellulose. It supports the cell and limits its volume.

Question 4

Plasma Membrane

Answer 4

Located inside the cell wall.

Question 5

Mitochondrion

Answer 5

Mitochondria are ovoid structures bounded by a double membrane. They are the cell energy transformers, converting chemical energy into ATP.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

A watery solution containing dissolved substances, enzymes, and the cell organelles and structures. The site of translation in the cell.

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Comprises a network of tubes and flattened sacs. ER is continuous with the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane and may be smooth or have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER).

Question 8

Nuclear Pore

Answer 8

100 nm diameter.

Question 9

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 9

A double layered structure penetrated by holes (nuclear pores).

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

A conspicuous organelle containing most of the cell’s DNA.

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

Basically the brain of the nucleus.

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

These small (20 nm) structures manufacture proteins. Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA and protein. They may be free in the cytoplasm or associated and attacjed with the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

The golgi apparatus is a group or stack of membrane bound vesicles. It is important for packaging macromolecules so that they can moved from one place in the cell to another.

Question 14

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 14

Cytoplasmic streaming is the movement of cytoplasm in a cell that moves nutrients from one place to another in the cell.

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

Does the same job as the rough ER, but doesn’t have the ribosomes attached to it, so it looks smooth compared to the rough ER.

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

Proteins that are made from the ribosomes attached to the rough ER are moved into the ER so that they can be moved from one place of the cell to another.