4.1

Question 1

4.1a

Universe was formed

Answer 1

13.7 billion years ago

Question 2

4.1a

How do people think the universe was created

Answer 2

Big Bang theory

Question 3

4.1a

How far is the edge of the universe

Answer 3

90 billion trillion miles away

Question 4

4.1a

Inflation Theory

Answer 4

A fraction of a moment after the big bang, the universe underwent sudden, dramatic expansion

Question 5

4.1a

What happened after the big bang theory

Answer 5

Gravity
Electromagnetism
Strong & weak nuclear forces
Atomic particles - photons, protons, electrons, neutrons

Question 6

4.1a

How long ago was the Earth formed

Answer 6

4.6 billion years ago

Question 7

4.1a

What is the Geologic time scale

Answer 7

Measurement of Earth’s history

Question 8

4.1a

What are the Geologic time scale

Answer 8

Eons
Eras
Periods
Epochs

Question 9

4.1a

How many Geologic time scale have pasted and which one are we on

Answer 9

4 Eons (Phanerozoic)
3 Eras (Cenozoic)
11 periods (Quaternary)
7 Epochs (Holocene)

Question 10

4.1a

What are the Layers of the Earth

Answer 10

Core
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Lower Mantle
Upper Mantle
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
oceanic crust
continental crust

Question 11

4.1a

What is the Core

Answer 11

Dense mass of solid nickel, iron, & radioactive elements that release massive amounts of heat

Question 12

4.1a

What is the inner and outer Core

Answer 12

Inner: Solid - made mainly of iron
Outer: Liquid - made mainly of iron & nickel

Question 13

4.1a

Mantle

Answer 13

Liquid layer of magma surrounding core, kept liquified by intense heat from core, largest layer

Question 14

4.1a

What is the difference between the lower and upper mantle

Answer 14

Lower Mantle: Known as the Mesosphere; represents over 50% of Earth’s total volume, made mainly of iron & magnesium silicates
Upper: Very thick layer of rocks & minerals

Question 15

4.1a

What is the crust

Answer 15

Thin, brittle layer of rock floating on top of mantle (broken up into tectonic plates)

Question 16

4.1a

What is the difference between the Oceanic and Continental crust

Answer 16

Oceanic: Uppermost layer of oceanic part of tectonic plates - thin, heavy, more dense
Continental: Outermost layer of lithosphere that forms continents & continental shelves - thick, light, less dense

Question 17

4.1a

Which Crust is heavier

Answer 17

Oceanic

Question 18

4.1a

Asthenosphere

Answer 18

Made up of the mid-mantle

Question 19

4.1a

Lithosphere

Answer 19

Made up of the upper mantle and crust

Question 20

4.1b

What are Plate Techonics

Answer 20

Theory explaining how tectonic plates move slowly over the mantle and create geologic features.

Question 21

4.1b

What are the types of Plate Techonics

Answer 21

Oceanic and Continental

Question 22

4.1b

Traits of Oceanic plate

Answer 22

heavier, more dense, thinner

Question 23

4.1b

Traits of Continental plates

Answer 23

lighter, less dense, thicker

Question 24

4.1b

What is Pangea

Answer 24

When earth was one big continent a very long time ago

Question 25

# 4.1b Hot spots

Answer 25

Where magma rises

Question 26

# 4.1b Ring of Fire

Answer 26

- a hot spot - Earthquakes and Volcanoes form a circle around the Pacific circle - 90% of earthquakes happen here

Question 27

# 4.1b How do we measure Earthquakes

Answer 27

Richter Scale

Question 28

# 4.1b How does the Richter scale increase

Answer 28

Increases factor of ten ( times 10 )

Question 29

# 4.1b Convergent

Answer 29

* Colliding plates * Plates come together & subduction or uplift occurs * Crust in destoryed * Creates Mountains, deep earthquakes, active volcanoes, ocean trenches, island arcs (active volcano chains)

Question 30

# 4.1b What are the three types of Convergent plates

Answer 30

Oceanic- Oceanic Oceanic- Continental Continental-Continental

Question 31

# 4.1b What happens with Oceanic-Oceanic

Answer 31

one plate subducts underneath other | forms mid ocean volcanoes, island arcs, or off-shore trenches

Question 32

# 4.1b What happens with Oceanic- Continental

Answer 32

oceanic plate subducts beneath continental | Forms Coastal Mountains, Volcanoes on land, trenches, tsunamis

Question 33

# 4.1b What happens with Continental-Continental

Answer 33

one plate subducts underneath other (uplift) | form moutains

Question 34

# 4.1b Divergent

Answer 34

* Plates divide * Forces new magma upward and new | Spreading ## Footnote Forms Oceanic ridges & Rift valleys

Question 35

# 4.1b Transform | Sliding

Answer 35

* Plates move right past each other in opposite directions * Crust is ok at the end | Makes Mountains, scattered shallow earthquakes, volcanoes, faults