4.1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the current human population?
Over 7.7 billion.
What two factors contribute to human impact on the environment?
Population numbers and impact per person.
What is a key solution to managing population growth?
Understanding and solving the problems of high birth rates through social justice.
What was the goal of the 1988 Ernakulam campaign in Kerala, India?
To achieve full literacy.
What was the unexpected result of the Kerala literacy campaign?
Increased literacy led to decreased population growth.
What are three cultural advantages Kerala had in achieving lower fertility rates?
Matrilineal society, equal access to schools and healthcare, high concentration of missionary schools.
What is population growth rate?
A measure of how quickly a population increases in size.
What four factors determine population size?
Birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.
What major events caused spikes in human population growth?
The Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution.
How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to population growth?
More food production, improved diets, lower death rates, and increased need for labor.
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to population growth?
Advances in sanitation and healthcare led to longer life expectancy and lower death rates.
What is zero-population growth?
When birth rates equal death rates, stabilizing the population.
What is the current global birth rate?
Just over 1%.
Where do most people in the world live?
60% of the population is concentrated in just 10 countries, mainly in Asia.
What is demography?
The statistical analysis of population characteristics.
What are demographic factors?
Characteristics such as birth rate that influence changes in population size.
What are pronatalist pressures?
Factors that encourage higher birth rates, such as high childhood mortality.
What is total fertility rate (TFR)?
The average number of children a woman has in her lifetime.
What was the global TFR in 2019?
2.5.
What is replacement fertility?
The rate at which children must be born to replace those who die, typically 2.1 per woman.
What is age structure?
The percentage of a population distributed across different age groups.
What is population momentum?
The continued growth of a population even after birth rates drop to replacement levels.
What is demographic transition?
A model describing how population growth rates drop as economic conditions improve.
What are the four stages of demographic transition?
Preindustrial, Industrializing, Mature Industrial, Postindustrial.
