Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > 4.1 Basic concepts and hydrocarbons > Flashcards

4.1 Basic concepts and hydrocarbons Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define nomenclature

A

The system used for naming organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the term empirical formula mean ?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the term molecular formula mean ?

A

The formula showing the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the term displayed formula mean?

A

A formula showing minimum detail of atoms and the bonds between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the term structural formula mean?

A

It shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

A type of formula which is drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms are not drawn, it is assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a functional group

A

A group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes?

A

Cn H2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the general formula of Alcohols?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Organic compounds which only contain single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are unsaturated compounds?

A

Organic compounds that contain at least one C=C covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be can be formed?

A
  1. Alkyl group can be in different places eg 2-methylpentane or 3-methylpentane
  2. Functional groups can be bonded to different parts eg 2-bromopentane or 3-bromopentane
    3.There can be different functional groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

A

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen)
isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Cis-trans isomerism?

A

Special type of E/Z isomerism where the
two substituents on each carbon atom
are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

It happens when each bonding atom
receives one electron from the bonded
pair forming two radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

When one bonding atom receives both
electrons from the bonded pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are radicals?

A

A highly reactive species with one or more unpaired of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How is a covalent bond formed from two radicals?
The radicals collide and the electrons are involved the bond formation
26
What is a general formula?
It is the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series. Eg Cn H2n+2
27
CH3CH2CH2CH3 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Butane Alkane C-C
28
CH3CHCH2 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Propane Alkene C=C
29
CH3CH(CH3)CH3 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Methylpropane Alkanes (branched) (The use of brackets means its branched)
30
CH3CH2OH Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Ethanol Alcohol OH
31
CH3CH2CHO Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Propanal Aldehyde CHO
32
CH3COCH3 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Propanone Ketone C-CO-C O double bond is in the middle so it's a ketone if it's on the edge it's an aldehyde
33
CH3CH2CH2COOH Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Butanoic acid Carboxylic acids COOH
34
CH3CH2Br Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Bromoethane Halogenoalkane Presence of halogen eg Br
35
C5H10 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
Cyclopentane Cycloalkanes CnH2n
36
CH3COOCH3 Name the compound Then state the homologous series and its formula
1-Methylethanoate Ester COOCH3 anoate
37
State the order of importance of the functional groups
Carboxylic acid Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol Alkene Haloalkanes
38
A hydrocarbon contains 82.76% carbon and 17.24% hydrogen. Calculate the hydrocarbon's empirical formula
Step 1: Imagine you have 100 g of the substance - it would contain 82.76 g of carbon and 17.24 g of hydrogen. Step2: C:H 82.76÷12 : 17.24÷1 6.90 : 17.24 Step 3: 6.90÷6.90 : 17.24÷6.90 1: 2.5 Step 4: you multiply both sides by two 2 : 5 Step 5: The empirical formula is C2H5
39
A compound has the empirical formula CH2O and relative atomic mass 60.0. Calculate its molecular mass
Step 1: (1×12) + (2×1) + (1×16)=30 Step 2: 60.0÷30.0=2 Step 3: The empirical formula is C2H4O2
40
What is bond fission?
The breaking of covalent bond. The electron pair in the bond can be distributed in two ways hemolytic and hemolytic
41
What is an alkane?
A saturated hydrocarbon containing C-H bonds only
42
What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH2n+2
43
Are alkane bonds polar? Why/why not?
Nonpolar since carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities
44
What is the shape and angle of an alkane?
Tetrahedral with an angle of 109.5
45
Describe the σ (sigma) bond in alkane
The sigma bond is a covalent bond bond with a direct sideways overlap of the electron clouds of thr bonding atom
46
What type of intermolecular forces do alkanes have? Why?
London forces →induced dipole-dipole interaction because the bonds are nonpolar
47
What happens to the boiling point as alkane chain length increases? Why?
The boiling point increases due to an increase in surface area and so more number of induced dipole-dipole interactions therefore more energy is required to overcome the attraction
48
Are alkanes soluble in water? Why?
Insoluble because hydrogen bonds in water are stronger than the alkanes London forces of attraction
49
How reactive are alkanes?
Very unreactive
50
What reaction will alkanes undergo?
Cubustion as well as reacting with halogens
51
What type of reaction is combustion?
Oxidisation reaction
52
What is complete combustion?
Combustion that occurs with plentiful supply of air
53
What are the products of complete combustion when alkanes are used?
Carbondioxide and water
54
What flame must you use with a bunsen burner for complete combustion?
Blue flame
55
What is incomplete combustion and what products are formed in the case of alkanes?
Combustion in a limited supply of oxygen Products: water,carbondioxide and carbonmonoxide
56
What type of hydrocarbon is most likely to undergo incomplete combustion? Why?
Longer chains, since there is an increased chance of a oxygen deficite
57
What is the environmental impact of carbon monoxide?
It's toxic/poisonous
58
What is the environmental impact of soot (carbon)?
Asthma, cancer, global dimming
59
By what mechanism are halogenoalkanes formed from alkanes?
Radical substitution
60
What is needed for an alkane to react with a halogen?
UV radiation
61
What are the three stages of free radical substitution?
Initiation - breaking halogen bond to form free radicals Propergation - chain part of the reaction where products are formed but free radicals remain Termination - free radicals are removed, stable products are formed
62
Write the equation for the reaction of CH4 with Cl2
63
What are alkenes?
A homologous series that has unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one C=C

Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions