4.1 Geology And UK Flashcards
Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in uk of igneous rock?
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) from the mantel cools down and hardens. The rock form crystals as it cools.Igneous rocks are usually hard, e.g granite, basalt and obsidian.They Are usually found in North of
Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in uk of sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted together until they become solid rock. There are are two main types in the uk:
.Carboniferous limestone and chalk
.Clays and shales
3 examples of this are:sandstone,shale and breccia.
Compare metamorphic and igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks are formed by magma (molten rock) cooling inside the Earth or on the surface however metamorphic rocks are formed by temperature and pressure changes inside the Earth.
Compare the formation + characteristics of granite and Carboniferous Limestone
Granite:Formed from the slow crystallisation of magma below Earth’s surface.Granite is mainly made up of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and other minerals.
Carboniferous limestone: Formed in warm, shallow tropical seas teeming with life.It is made up of shells and hard parts of millions of sea creatures.
Formation and characteristics of chalk and slate.
Chalk (CaCo3) is a pure form of limestone it was formed from in warm tropical seas about 100 million years ago.It is a sedimentary rock made from calcium carbonate it is porous and allows water to penetrate into the rock.Slate, which is formed from shale, is like this. Slate is useful for making roof tiles because its layers can be split into separate flat sheets.The characteristics include: Slate is a metamorphic rock, originates from clay.Very resistant
When and how active Volcanoes shaped the uplands of the UK.
520 million years ago.By Active volcanoes forcing magma through the Earths crust which cooled to form igneous rocks e.g granite.
