4.1 Geology In The UK

Question 1

The Tees-Exe Line

Answer 1

The line that separates the upland and lowland types of rocks

Question 2

Igneous rock

Answer 2

• Oldest rocks on earth
• Formed from lavas & deep magmas that cooled and crystallised
• Very resistant

Question 3

Sedimentary rock

Answer 3

• Formed from eroded sediments of other rocks deposited by rivers or the sea, compacted and cemented together
• Varying resistance to erosion

Question 4

Metamorphic rock

Answer 4

• Sedimentary rocks that were heated and compressed to harden them
• Resistant

Question 5

3 examples of igneous rocks

Answer 5

Granite, Basalt, Pumice

Question 6

3 examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 6

Marble, Schists, Slate

Question 7

3 examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 7

Chalk, Limestone, Clay

Question 8

Rock types in the Uplands

Answer 8

• Metamorphic : Schist, Slate, Gneiss, Quartzite

- Igneous : Granite, Basalt

Question 9

Rock types of Lowlands

Answer 9

-Sedimentary : Alluvium, Chalk, Limestone, Sands, Clays

Question 10

Age of metamorphic rock in the UK

Answer 10

500 million years

Question 11

Age of sedimentary rocks in the UK

Answer 11

2 million years to 500 million years

Question 12

Age of igneous rocks in the UK

Answer 12

500 million - 1 billion years old

Question 13

Formation and characteristics of granite

Answer 13

Formed as an intrusive igneous tock, magma cooled deep underground
Contains crystals of quartz and other rocks

Question 14

Formation and characteristics of carboniferous limestone

Answer 14

A sedimentary rock made of eroded corals, crushed shells and skeletons pushed together
Permeable with caves, rivers and passages underground, but quite resistant

Question 15

Formation and characteristics of chalk

Answer 15

A sedimentary rock that is a younger purer form of limestone

Very porous and permeable, medium resistance

Question 16

Active volcanoes in the UK uplands

Answer 16

Volcanoes in the UK uplands, such as the cumbrian lake district, around 300 - 450 million years ago, put magma on the surface (extrusive ) , which cooled into basalt, and underground (intrusive), which cooled into granite, with crystals. Both of these are very resistant and are now present as huge peaks and mountains.

Question 17

Glacial influence in UK uplands

Answer 17

Erosional :
 -U shaped valleys
- Ribbon lakes, misfit rivers, Corries, Arêtes, Ridges, peaks, hanging valleys, angular rock-faces
Depositional :
- scree

Question 18

How was the sedimentary rock formed in southern UK

Answer 18

An anticline of strata of sedimentary rocks, formed by rivers (clays) and seas (sands), depositing sediment and then folded by a change in plates, 100 - 300 million years ago.

Question 19

Glacial deposition formation examples

Answer 19

Moraines, Erratics and scree

Question 20

Scarp and Vale topography

Answer 20

Alternating small rolling hills (scarps ) and valleys containing rivers (vales)

Question 21

Scarp and vale formation

Answer 21

Formed in lowlands when an alternating series of soft (sand and clay) and hard (sedimentary rock) strata is exposed, by erosion. The hard rock forms steep escarpments with dip slopes on, that follow the rock angle and the soft rock is eroded into, to form flat valleys

Question 22

Formation and Characteristics of Slate

Answer 22

A metamorphic rock, formed from heated muds or shale. Very resistant

Question 23

Glacial landscapes in the lowlands

Answer 23

Lowland plains created by glaciers depositing fertile material in large flats