4.1 Protoctist Disease

Question 1

What are protoctists?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic organisms with a variety of feeding mechanisms

Question 2

They are single celled and group into what?

Answer 2

Colonies

Question 3

How are they transferred to hosts?

Answer 3

Vectors E.g. Malaria by mosquitos

Question 4

Give an example of a protoctist affecting humans:

Answer 4

Malaria

Question 5

(Malaria) what is malaria spread by?

Answer 5

Female mosquitoes

Question 6

(Malaria) what are the symptoms?

Answer 6

Fever
Sweats
High temp
Headaches
Vomiting
Muscle pain

Question 7

(Malaria) what parasite causes malaria?

Answer 7

The plasmodium parasite

Question 8

(Malaria) how is malaria spread?

Answer 8

Mosquito passing it into the bloodstream

Needles and blood transfusion

Question 9

(Malaria) how many deaths did it cause in 2013?

Answer 9

584000

Question 10

(Malaria) how can it be prevented?

Answer 10

Insect repellents
Nets
Antimalarial tablets

Question 11

(Malaria) if left malaria can cause serious complications such as what?

Answer 11

Severe anaemia

Cerebral malaria - brain damage and seizures

Question 12

(Malaria) 1. The mosquito injects what into the humans bloodstream?

Answer 12

saliva

Anti coagulants - stop blood clotting

Question 13

(Malaria) 1. The saliva contains malarial paradises in the form of what?

Answer 13

Sporozoites

Question 14

(Malaria)2. The sporozoites enter the liver where they do what?

Answer 14

Multiply and develop into merozoites

Leave liver

Question 15

(Malaria) 3. Merozoites invade what?

Answer 15

Red blood cells where they feed and multiply

Question 16

(Malaria) 3. The merozoites burst the RBCs causing what?

Answer 16

Fever

Question 17

(Malaria) 4. Some merozoites invade other red blood cells developing into what?

Answer 17

Gametocytes

Question 18

(Malaria) 4. If the host is bitten by a vector what can happen to these cells?

Answer 18

Taken up

Question 19

(Malaria) 5. In the mosquito the gameocytes develop into what?

Answer 19

Gametes

Question 20

(Malaria) 5. Male and female gametes form a sporozoite which does what?

Answer 20

Migrates to the salivary gland

Question 21

What is a disease caused by protoctist in plants?

Answer 21

Potato/tomato late blight

Question 22

(Late blight) what is it caused by?

Answer 22

Phytophthora infestants

Question 23

(Late blight) what does it cause?

Answer 23

Black lesions in leaves and stems that rapidly expand

Question 24

(Late blight) humid conditions cause what on the surface of infected tissue?

Answer 24

Spores

Question 25

(Late blight) what can happen within days?

Answer 25

Entire plant is destroyed

Question 26

(Late blight) infected tubers turn what colour?

Answer 26

Red brown

Question 27

(Late blight) infected tubers are often invaded by what?

Answer 27

Soft rot bacteria

Question 28

What mode of action do protoctists take?

Answer 28

Take over cells and break them open as a new generation emerge