4.1 Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System

Question 1

Neuroanatomy

Answer 1

The anatomy of the nervous system

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

Part of the PNS that consists of the axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles

Question 4

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 4

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 7

Spinal cord

Answer 7

Part of the CNS;

it cummunicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head

Question 9

Dorsal

Answer 9

Means towards the back

Question 10

Ventral

Answer 10

Means toward the stomach

Question 11

White matter

Answer 11

Area of the nervous system consisting mostly of myelinated axones

Question 12

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

Parts of the PNS that controls the heart, intestines, and other organs

Question 13

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

A network of nerves that prepare the organs for vigorous activity

Question 15

Dorsal root ganglia

Answer 15

Clusters of sensory neurons outside the spinal cord

Question 16

Gray matter

Answer 16

Areas of the nervous system that are densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Question 18

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

System of nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body’s organs

Question 20

Bell-Magendie law

Answer 20

The consept that the entering dorsal roots carry sensory information and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information

Det er forskjell på sensoriske (inngående) og motoriske (utgående) nervefibre, og at det er forskjellig utspring i ryggmargen.

Question 21

Hindbrain

Answer 21

The posterior part of the brain

Bakhjernen, lillehjernen (cerebellum) er en del av denne

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

Hindbrain structure that lies anterior and ventral to the medulla

Question 23

Reticular formation

Answer 23

A structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain;
Controls motor areas of the spinal cord and selectively increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas

Question 24

Tectum

Answer 24

Roof of the midbrain

Question 26

Raphe system

Answer 26

Brain areas that send axons to much of the forebrain, modifying the brain’s readiness to respond to stimuli

Question 27

Tegmentum

Answer 27

Intermediate (mellomliggende) level of the midbrain.

In Latin, means a “covering”, such as a rug on the floor.

Question 28

Superior colliculus

Answer 28

Swelling on either side of the tectum;

important to visual processing

Question 29

Medulla

Answer 29

Hindbrain structure located just above the spinal cord; could be regarded as an enlarged extention of the spinal cord

Question 31

Thalamus

Answer 31

A pair of structures in the center of the forebrain;

is controls and regulate muscle movement

Question 33

Substantia nigra

Answer 33

A midbrain structure that, similar to schizophrenia, gives rise to a pathway releasing dopamine

Question 37

Midbrain

Answer 37

Middle part of the brain Midthjernen

Question 38

Ventricles

Answer 38

Four fluid-filled cavities within the brain

Question 39

Brainstem

Answer 39

The medulla, pons, midbrain, and central structure of the forebrain

Question 40

Cranial nerves

Answer 40

Nerves that control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathic output to the organs

Question 43

Inferior colliculus

Answer 43

Swelling on each side of the tectum; important for auditory processing

Question 45

Pituitary gland

Answer 45

An endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus

Question 47

Cerebellum

Answer 47

Lillehjernen. The part of the brain involved in balance and coordination, and attention and timing

Question 48

Limbic system

Answer 48

Interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem Disse er viktig for motivasjon og emosjoner

Question 50

Nucleus basalis

Answer 50

A forebrain structure that lies on the ventral surface; receives input from the hypothslamus and basal ganglia; sends axones to areas in the cerebral cortex

Question 52

Forebrain

Answer 52

Most anterior part of the brain; consists of two cerebral hemispheres Forhjernen, eller storehjernen

Question 53

Hypothalamus

Answer 53

Small area near the base of the brain, ventral to the thalamus Delen av hjernen som regulerer kroppstemperatur, appetitt, tørst, seksualatferd, søvn og aggresjon

Question 58

Meninges

Answer 58

Menbranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 59

Hippocampus

Answer 59

A large structure located toward the posterior of the forebrain, between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex Holder til ved tinninglappen og er knyttet til hukommelse og romlig orientering

Question 64

Basal ganglia

Answer 64

A group of subcortial forebrain structures lateral to the thalamus

Question 71

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 71

A clear fluid similar to blood plasma produced by chroid plexus in the brain venetricles

Question 72

Central canal

Answer 72

A fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord