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BIOCHEMISTRY > ME01 - Water and pH > Flashcards

ME01 - Water and pH Flashcards

1
Q

TBW of Adults

A

50-60% of total body weight

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2
Q

TBW of Children

A

75% of total body weight

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3
Q

Intracellular percent in TBW

A

60%

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4
Q

Extracellular percent in TBW

A

40%

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5
Q

Shape of Water

A

Tetrahedron

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6
Q

O-H bond distance

A

0.958A

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7
Q

Angle formed by the three atoms

A

105 degrees

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8
Q

Water as a dipole

A

Electrical charge distributed asymmetrically

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9
Q

Ability of a material to resist formation of an electric field

A

Dielectric constant

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10
Q

Water has HIGH DIELECTRIC constant. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE. It has high dielectric constant thus it can decease the force of attraction between charged particles. This enables water to dissolve salts

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11
Q

What is the dielectric constant of water?

A

Water - 78.5

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12
Q

Water as an excellent nucleophile

A

Nucleophile is an electron-rich molecule that attacks an electron-poor atom called an elecrophile

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13
Q

Force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic Bonding

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14
Q

Example of Ionic Bonding

A

Na-Cl

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15
Q

Bonding between molecules within metals

A

Metallic Bond

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16
Q

Sharing of a sea of electrons amongst lattice of positive ions

A

Metallic Bond

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17
Q

Bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons

A

Covalent Bond

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18
Q

Examples of Covalent Bond

A

H2, O2, H2O, Methane

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19
Q

Examples of Secondary Bonds

A

Secondary bonds are weak bonds. Examples are Hydrogen Bond and Van der Vaals Bond

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20
Q

Two uncharged atom weakly attract each other

A

Van der Vaals Bond

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21
Q

Interactions between charged group of ions

A

Electrostatic Interaction

22
Q

Electrostatic Interactions between oppositely charged groups within or between biomolecules

A

Salt Bridge

23
Q

Nucleophilic attack by water

A

Hydrolysis

24
Q

Proton Donors

A

Acids

25
Q

Examples of Strong Acids

A

HCl, H2SO4

26
Q

Completely dissociates in strong acidic solutions

A

Strong Acids

27
Q

Partially dissociates in acidic solutions

A

Weak acids

28
Q

Proton acceptors

A

Bases

29
Q

Examples of Strong bases

A

KOH, NaOH

30
Q

Example of weak base

A

CaOH

31
Q

Used to calculate the concentration of [H+]

A

Dissociation constant (Ka)

32
Q

What is pKa?

A

pKa is the pH at which the protonated and unprotonated species are present at equal concentrations
pKa = -logKa

33
Q

T or F. The lower the pKa, the higher the Ka

A

True. The higher the Ka, the greater the tendency to separate solutions into ions. The stronger the acid, the lower its pKa value

34
Q

Acids with more than one dissociable group

A

Diprotic acids

35
Q

What influences the dissociation of Hydrogen?

A

pH

36
Q

Example of Diprotic Acids

A

Carboxyl and Amino

37
Q

What is Kw?

A

Kw is the dissociation constant of water. Kw is equal to 10-14 (mol/L)2 for all aqueous solutions, even solutions of acids or bases

38
Q

T or F. At higher temperature, Kw decreases.

A

FALSE. At lower temperatures, Kw decreases; at higher temperatures, Kw increases

39
Q

Describes the behavior of weak acids and buffers

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

40
Q

Give the Henderson-Hasselbach equation

A

pH = pKa + log[A-]/ [HA]

41
Q

pH measure the ?

A

Acidity

42
Q

T or F. The stronger the acid, the lower its pKa value.

A

TRUE.

43
Q

What are the factors affecting pKa of a weak acid

A

Presence of a nearby electron-withdrawing or electron-donating group

44
Q

T or F. The presence of an adjacent negative charge hinders the release of a proton

A

True

45
Q

What is the “dielectric constant of a medium”

A

The effect of pKa may be observed by adding ethanol to water
(pKa increases in carboxylic acid whereas that of an amine decreases because ethanol decreases the ability of water to dissolve a charged species)

46
Q

Resist a change in pH

A

Buffers

47
Q

Normal arterial blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

48
Q

Produces carbonic acid (the major acid produced in the body)

A

Carbonic anhydrase

49
Q

How does Carbonic Anhydrase produce carbonic acid?

A

By dissociation of CO2 and H2O and will form bicarbonate as an effective buffer system

50
Q

How much fold for a change in 1 pH unit?

A

10-fold

51
Q

pH for Severe Acidosis

A

7.0 blood pH

52
Q

Universal Solvent

A

Water

BIOCHEMISTRY (25 decks)

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