Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 145 Lab Practical > Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Immigrate

A

When an individual moves into a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Emigrate

A

When an individual moves out of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four factors that affect the growth of population

A

Density

Distribution

Sex Ratio

Age structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does it mean when a population is in a state of equilibrium?

A

The number of births equals the number of deaths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

population

A

A group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same location at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is exponential growth?

A

The steady growth of a population by a fixed percentage for each generation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the carrying capacity of a population?

A

The point at which the amount of nutrients is just sufficient enough to support the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the shape of the curve on a graph representing logistic growth?

A

S-Shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which graph is a more realistic and accurate representation of populations found in nature?

A

Logistic Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do biologists use sampling? Explain why they do not go into the habitat and count all members of the population interest.

A

Counting all individuals would be impractical due to large numbers. Canvas all necessary terrain (which may be too rugged), and to overcome countless potential environmental factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which seabirds migrate between the arctic and antarctic?

A

Arctic tern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of whales have two blowholes and accordion-like pleats for expansion of the throat and sing intricate songs?

A

Baleen Whales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Breaching refers to the whales ability to?

A

Jump above the surface of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Random Distribution

A

Where individuals are located throughout the location in no particular pattern.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are two examples of two occupations that utilize tidal tables?

A

Atmospheric Scientists & Fisherman.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does the moon exert more gravitational pull on the earth than the sun, when the sun is so much larger?

A

The moon is 400 times closer to Earth than the sun and exerts twice the gravitational pull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Tidal Range.

A

The difference between the level of ocean water at a high tide and low tide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do the tidal ranges of spring tides and neap tides compare?

A

Spring tides have the largest daily tidal range, while neap tides have the smallest daily tidal range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the position of the sun and the moon when there are spring tides.

A

The Sun, moon, and the Earth are all aligned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the position of the sun and moon when there are neap tides.

A

The sun, earth, and the moon form a 90 degree angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Explain the difference between diurnal, semi-diyrnal, and mixed tides.

A

Diurnal =refer to one tidal cycle each day.

Semi-Diurnal= Two high and low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes.

Mixed Tides= Have significant difference in successive high-water and low-water tides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are all individuals in a population different?

A

No. They may vary by size, color, shape and length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alleles

A

One or more alternate genetic forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How can fitness be increased?

A

By possessing favorable traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Evolution

A

The change of species over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is genetic drift? How does it occur?

A

A random change in allele frequency over time. It occurs by chance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ethology

A

The study of an organisms behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do innate and learned behaviors differ?

A

Innate behaviors are encoded into an organisms DNA, are heritable, and are fully developed w/o practice.

Ex. Reflexes & Instincts & animals moving away from predators.

Learned behaviors are a result of experience. They are not heritable and can be changed and improves upon with practice.

Ex. Dolphins using sponges to protect their rostrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Taxis Behavior

A

behaviors that result in an organism moving toward or away from a stimulus and do not require thought or decision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Light (Taxi Behavior)

A

Phototaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gravity (Taxi Behavior)

A

Geotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Temperature (Taxi Behavior)

A

Thermotaxis

33
Q

Chemicals (Taxi Behavior)

A

Chemotaxis

34
Q

Touch (Taxi Behavior)

A

Thigmotaxis

35
Q

Polarized light (Taxi Behavior)

A

Mnenotaxis

36
Q

Define LD50

A

The technique used to determine the concentration of a chemical that kills 50% of a test population.

37
Q

How is LD50 determined?

A

By applying various concentrations of a chemical to a test population under controlled conditions until a concentration is found that kills 50 % of the population.

38
Q

What are two used of LD50

A

The determination of toxicity levels & grasping gravity of bioaccumulation.

39
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The increase in population of a chemical as it moves up through the trophic levels in the ecosystem.

40
Q

Species

A

a population that tends to remain constant in size and geographic distribution.

41
Q

Exponential growth

A

The steady growth of a population by a fixed percentage for each generation.

42
Q

Exponential growth curves demonstrate what shape curve?

A

J-Shaped

43
Q

Describe limiting factors.

A

Physical, chemical, and biological elements that work to limit the growth of population.

44
Q

Describe environmental resistance.

A 
Factors such: 
space
disease
number of predators
availability of food 
shelter 
oxygen 
sunlight 
presence of pollutants
45
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The point at which the amount of nutrients is just sufficient enough to support the population.

46
Q

Logistic growth curve

A

Shows an initial rapid increase in population (exponential growth)

47
Q

Uniform Distribution

A

Is a distribution where individuals are evenly spaced throughout the location and is typical of organisms that compete for space.

48
Q

Clumped Distribution

A

Is a distribution where individuals occur in patches around the resources needed for survival.

49
Q

Tides

A

Naturally occurring daily changes in the ocean level resulting from a gravitational attraction of the sun and moon.

50
Q

High Tides

A

Bulges that form because of the moons pull

51
Q

Low Tides

A

Areas between the high tides. They are a result of water being pulled towards the high-tide regions.

52
Q

Tidal Range

A

The difference between the level of ocean water at high and low tide.

53
Q

Which tides have the largest daily tidal range?

A

Spring Tides

54
Q

Which tides have the smallest daily tidal range?

A

Neap Tides

55
Q

Deviation

A

Is the amount by which a measurement differs from the mean.

56
Q

Natural Selection

A

The idea that organisms with certain traits survive while other without those traits die off.

57
Q

Evolution

A

Species change over time, and it occurs in any population when the number, frequency, or type of a given trait changes over time.

58
Q

Directional Selection

A

A moderate form of a trait is selected for, meaning it is beneficial to individuals of that population.

59
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Over time and as evidenced through future generations, a shift occurs in selection to an extreme form of a trait.

In disruptive selection extreme traits at both ends of the spectrum are favored, and the intermediate forms are selected against.

60
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

Both extremes of a trait are selected against, and the moderate form of the trait is the most prevalent.

61
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Random change in allele frequency over time brought about by chance. It is measured in terms of probability.

62
Q

Sensory Perception

A

Allows organisms to receive information about their environment. Higher animals use sight, tough, hearing taste, and smell.

63
Q

Positive Phototaxis

A

The behavior of an organism moving toward the light.

64
Q

Negative Phototaxis

A

The behavior of an organism moving away from the light.

65
Q

Filter Feeders

A

Organisms that feed by filtering suspended organic material.

66
Q

Brine Shrimp

A

Are invertebrates which belong to the phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea and genus artemis. They are considered omnivores because they eat both plants and animals.

67
Q

Biotic

A

The living parts of an environment such as crabs, fish, and sea grasses.

68
Q

Abiotic

A

The nonliving parts of an environment such as water, temperature, and salinity.

69
Q

Food Chains

A

Define straight line feeding relationships.

Used to show the path of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

70
Q

Food Webs

A

Show the complexity of relationships by combining many food chains to show interactions within a specific ecosystem.

71
Q

Primary Producers

A

Organisms that can make their own food through processes such as photosynthesis to chemosynthesis.

72
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

can be observes near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.

In the absence of sunlight bacteria convert the energy form chemicals in the hydrothermal vents to usable energy.

73
Q

Consumers

A

Unable to produce their own food (energy) through biochemical process.

They must consume other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients.

74
Q

How are consumers organized into groups?

A

Based on their feeding habits:

herbivores
carnivores
omnivores

75
Q

Herbivores

A

organisms that only consume plants

76
Q

Carnivores

A

Organisms that consume only other animals

77
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms that consume both plants and animals

78
Q

Energy Pyramids

A

Diagrams that show how energy is transferred and lost as it passes through the food chain. Often referred to as a trophic pyramid and each level is referred to as a trophic level.

NOTE: ONLY ABOUT 10% OF ENERGY AT EACH LEVEL OF THE PYRAMID PASSES ON TO THE NEXT LEVEL, AS THE REMAINING 90% IS LOST IN THE METABOLIC PROCESS.

BIO 145 Lab Practical (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions