4.1.1 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, particularly those with carbon-hydrogen bonds.
What is a homologous series?
A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, similar chemical properties, and differ by a CH2 unit.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
The general formula for alkanes is CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
What type of bond do alkanes contain?
Alkanes contain single covalent bonds, known as sigma bonds (σ-bonds).
What is the functional group of alkenes?
The functional group of alkenes is a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes is CₙH₂ₙ.
What is a structural isomer?
Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
What is the functional group of alcohols?
The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group (-OH).
What is the general formula for alcohols?
The general formula for alcohols is CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH.
What is a functional group in organic chemistry?
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines the chemical reactivity of the compound.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A saturated hydrocarbon is a compound made only of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with single bonds between the carbon atoms (alkanes).
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms (alkenes or alkynes).
What is a combustion reaction in organic chemistry?
A combustion reaction in organic chemistry is a reaction where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
What is a functional group isomer?
Functional group isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups.
What is the general formula for alkynes?
The general formula for alkynes is CₙH₂ₙ₋₂.
What is the main type of reaction in alkenes?
The main type of reaction in alkenes is electrophilic addition.
What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, while alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is an alkyl group?
An alkyl group is a side chain derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom, such as methyl (-CH₃) or ethyl (-C₂H₅).
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
The functional group of carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group (-COOH).
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
The general formula for carboxylic acids is CₙH₂ₙ₋₁COOH.
What is an electrophilic addition reaction?
An electrophilic addition reaction is a reaction where an electrophile adds to a molecule, typically involving alkenes and a halogen or hydrogen halide.
What is the functional group of aldehydes?
The functional group of aldehydes is the carbonyl group (-C=O) with a hydrogen atom attached.
What is the general formula for aldehydes?
The general formula for aldehydes is CₙH₂ₙ₋₁CHO.
What is an addition polymer?
An addition polymer is a polymer formed by the repeated addition of monomers with a double bond, such as polyethene from ethene.
