4.1.1 Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the structural formula of butane?
CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3
What is the displayed formula of ethanol?
H H | | H-C-C-O-H | | H H
What is the skeletal formula of butan-2-ol?
A carbon skeleton with a -OH group on the second carbon
Define homologous series.
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Define functional group.
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
What is the formula for an alkyl group?
CnH2n+1
Define aliphatic.
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains
Define alicyclic.
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Define aromatic.
A compound containing a benzene ring
Define saturated.
Single carbon–carbon bonds only
Define unsaturated.
The presence of multiple carbon–carbon bonds
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What is homolytic fission?
Each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair
What is heterolytic fission?
One bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair
Define radical.
A species with an unpaired electron
What does a ‘curly arrow’ represent in reaction mechanisms?
The movement of an electron pair
What is the importance of dots (•) in radical mechanisms?
They represent species with a single unpaired electron
What is the systematic name of CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH?
2-methylbutan-1-ol
How is the carboxyl group represented in structural formulae?
COOH
How is the ester group represented in structural formulae?
COO
