4.1.1 Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the microorganisms (pathogens) that are disease causing
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Protoctists
Tell me about TB and what causes
-M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Caused by bacteria.
-Bacteria infect the lungs, causing a chronic cough and bloody mucas.
-Associated with poor hygiene and sanitation
-M. bovine in cows can transmit to humans to cause TB
Why are bacteria a diverse range of organisms
Bacteria can be pathogenic, but many aren’t and do not cause disease or damage
Tell me about ring rot and what causes
-Ring rot is a disease in potato plants caused by bacteria.
-Bacteria infect the vascular tissue and prevent the transport of water
-Causing the plant to wilt and die
-Infection spreads to potato tubers which are in a ring, causing the black ring of rot
Tell me about viruses, structure and how they work
-Do not have a cellular structure
-Can’t respire, produce ATP, replicate genetic material or synthesise protein
-They infect host cells, hijack machinery to replicate their own genetic material and proteins
Tell me about TMV and what is it
Tobacco Mosaic Virus, was the first ever virus discoverd, infects plants and causes a distinct yellowing of the leaves which produces mosaic pattern
Tell me about infuenza and what it is
Influenza is a group of viruses, that infect humans and cause the flu. There is influenza A, B and C. They infect and line the airways, causing a high temperature, body aches and fatigue.
A is most common. Influenza has a capsid that surrounds 8 single stranded molecules of RNA
What is HIV and what causes it
-The human immunodeficiency virus infects specific cells of the immune system. It is a virus.
-It is an eveloped retrovirus
-The viral enzyme reverse transcisptase produces single stranded DNA from its own viral RNA.
-DNA polymerase snythesises double stranded DNA from this single stranded DNA.
-Double stranded DNA is inserted into the host and remain inactive for many years.
-Although once active DNA provirus is used to synthesise new viruses.
What are protists
Unicellulat eukaryotes
Tell me about malaria and what causes it
Plasmodium falciparum is a protist that causes severe forms of malaria in humans.
The parasite is spread by mosquitoes
Infected indivudals experience, fever, chills and fatigue
What is potato blight and what causes it
Potato blight is caused by P. infestans, which is a protoctist.
It is transmitted via spores, signs of it are small, dark brown spots on leaves, which quickly increase.
Protist destroys potato and tomaot crop leaving them inedible
What are bacteria
Prokaryotes
What are fungi and what is their structure like
Eukaryotes, similair to plants, cell walls, vacuoles, however instead of being seperate cells their bodies consist of filaments known as hyphae, that form a network and spread through the soil/host
What is athletes foot
A fungal disease that exist on the surface of the skin
What is black sigatoka
A fungal disease in bananas, spreads throughout the leaves of the plant reducing ability to photosythnesise, causing parts of the leaf to die: causing black streaks
How is the bacteria TB spread
Airborne droplets
How is the virus HIV spread
Bodily fluids
How is the virus influenza spread
Airbone droplets
How is the protoctist malaria spread
Female mosquitoes
How is the fungas althetes foot spread
skin on skin contact with infected person or clothing
How is the bacteria ring rot spread
Contaminated soil, water or equipment
How is the virus TMV spread
Leaf to leaf contact, humans touching differnt plants
How is the protoctist late blight spread
Spores carried by the wind
How is the fungus black sigakota spread
Leaf to leaf contact, infected plant matter, spores by humans
