19.2 Histo: Cells of the CNS Flashcards
What are the glial cells that support the neuron?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
What are the immune cells of the nervous system?
Microglia
How many layers of neurons are there in the cortex?
6
Where do we find ependymal cells? What do they do?
Line the central canal of spinal cord/ventricle, have cilia to aid CSF flow
What are 4 ways neurons are different from other cells?
- Specialised for signalling
- High protein synthesis
- Metabolically limited
- Terminally differentiated
What do we see in cytology that show neurons are highly synthetic cells? (2)
Large pale nucleus, Nissl bodies
What do astrocytes do? (passive and active)
Passive: BBB maintainence, injury response etc.
Active: modulate blood flow and neuronal function
What transporters do glial cells express? What happens when these transporters are inhibited?
Glutamate transporters, when inhibited cells are more depolarised
How do glial cells communicate?
Exocytosis
During trauma/inflammation, how do glia regulate neurons?
The calcium wave that is initiated causes ATP to be released from glia and neurons to be inhibited
How do glia play a role in vascular regulation?
Calcium wave within astrocytes causes vasoconstriction/vasodilation
What do oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap around?
Oligo: wrap around several axons
Schwann: wrap around one axon
What do microglia do in the CNS? (2)
Constantly survey it and change in response to inflammation/injury as well as synaptic pruning
What are the layers of peripheral nerves?
Fibre surrounded by endoneurium
Fasicle (bundle of fibres): surrounded by perineurium
Then those fasicles are surrounded by epineurium
What are the two types of ganglia?
Sensory: House cell body of sensory neurons
Autonomic: house cell body of post-ganglionic neurons
