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Women's Health > 08/26/2015 Chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

08/26/2015 Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a short overview of obstetrics?

A

Colonial: difficult/dangerous childbirth
1700s: home births with midwives, no men attended
1800s: shift from midwives to doctors
1900s: births move into hospitals, nurseries created
1950/70s: starts natural childbirth movement/less interventions
90s/current:home births and midwives return

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2
Q

what’s the C-section rate?

A

1 out of 3 women, trend is away from C-sections

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3
Q

What’s family-centered care (example given)

A
  • care thought of within context of family unit

ex: if mom has 1 and 2 yo and is taking antidepressants, might not be a candidate to breastfeed

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4
Q

what is the advantage of breast feeding?

A

gives baby boost to immune system by passive immunity (antibodies transferred through breast milk)

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5
Q

what are the three main points of a good family-centered care plan?

A

1) cost-effective
2) quality-oriented
3) outcome focused

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6
Q

What are the basic principles of family-centered care?

A

a) childbirth: a normal, healthy event
b) BUT childbirth does affect families tremendously
c) take away point: the health of each individual member affects the family health and the family health affects the health of each individual member
d) family makes decisions about own care

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7
Q

what is case-managed care? (example provided)

A

an interdisciplinary approach, usually more complex patients

ex: woman delivered vaginally and pubis bone separated during childbirth and the pubis bone has to come back together on its own; woman had to have PT, OT, childcare for baby at home, transportation
- all of these had to be coordinated

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8
Q

4 overarching goals of healthy people 2020 for women’s health

A

1) prevent disability, disease, and preventable death
2) create gender equality
3) promote environments that are conducive to good health
4) create healthcare that supports every stage of life development

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9
Q

what is the maternal, fetal, neonatal, and infant death rates

A

maternal: number of deaths of any cause during pregnancy/100,000 live births
fetal: number of fetal deaths (>20 weeks gestation) in 1,000 live births
maternal facotrs: substance abuse,
fetal factors:

neonatal: any infant death in first 28 days of live/1,000 deaths

infant: number of deaths in first 12 months of life/1,000 live births
(note: so infant mortality rate includes the neonatal mortality rate, BUT the neonatal mortality rate doesn’t include the full scope of the infant mortality rate)

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10
Q

how many woman die from pregnancy-related deaths per day?

A

1600/day

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11
Q

why does the US have a high rate of maternal death rates?

A
  • lots of healthcare tourists come to the US, many of which are sick (true? not sure)
  • many other factors
  • US has high racial disparity in death rates
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12
Q

what are the leading causes of maternal death?

A

1) hemorrhage
2) infection
3) HTN disorders
4) obstructed labor
5) unsafe AB

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13
Q

what are leading factors in causing maternal deaths?

A

less than 20, over 35 years of age, lack of prenatal care, low education, unmarried status, non-Caucasian race

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14
Q

Infant mortality is “______________;” US infant mortality rate =

A

the indicator of the health of a nation

about 6.17 in 2014 (ok these number need more research #sketchydata)

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15
Q

where’s the infant mortality rate the highest in the US?

A

southeast

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16
Q

info we already know

A
  • need more prevention
  • women lack insurance
  • we ignore reproductive health, mental , health violence against women
  • no one wants to research women’s health
17
Q

what’s one of the biggest health issues for women and why?

A 
- cardiovascular disease, because they have atypical symptoms and is therefore harder to diagnose
#1 cause of death in women
18
Q

what’s number one cancer that kills women?

A

1) lung
(second is breast, risk factors: family hx, early age menstural irregularities, excess weight, no children, BC use, excessive alcohol, high-fat diet, long-term hormone use)

19
Q

where is breast cancer the highest?

A

in women of North America

20
Q

what are the 8 different family structures?

A

1) nuclear family: male/female partners and children (natural or adopted)
2) extended: members include grandparents, aunts, uncles, or other blood relatives
3) cohabitating-parent families: children live with two unmarried biologic or adoptive two parents (more common with latinos)
4) single-parent famlies: unmarried or single b/c of death, separation, desertion, divorce (increasing numbers
5) homosexual famlies
6) setp-blended family: result of remarriage
7) no-parent families: grandparents or aunts/uncles caring for children, foster care (seeing more and more with higher rates of drug use)
8) bi-nuclear family (child member of 2 families usually due to joint custody)

21
Q

relation of violence against women during pregnancy?

A
  • usually an increase in incidence once a woman becomes pregnant (often a result of partner’s panic)
22
Q

what is nurse’s role with a patient experiencing violence?

A
  • not your role to directly save the patient, instead empower the patient and help her get out of the situation
23
Q

what is the radar screening tool?

A 
- screens for domestic violence and abuse
R: routinely screen every client
A: affirm feelings and assess abuse
D: document your findings
A: assess
R:
24
Q

what are nutrition problems for pregnant moms

A
  • iron deficiency: can cause anemia

- an excess would be obesity

25
Q

what’s an important vitamin for pregnant women?

A
  • folic acid
26
Q

what’s the most significant barrier to healthcare?

A
  • finances
27
Q

the two types of stem cells

A

1) multipotent: can turn into anything

2) pluripotent: already somewhat specialized umbilical cord cells, adult bone marrow cells

28
Q

what does the controversy of stemm cells focus on?

A
  • the origin of the cells, big controversy is with embryonic stem cells
29
Q

what is umbilical cord blood banking

A
  • vast source of primitive hamtopoietic stem and progenitor cells, use syringe to draw them out of umbilical cord after childbirth
  • you can also donate cord blood to public banks allowing anyone to access it that could need it/doesn’t have money otherwise
30
Q

what’s the number one cause of maternal death?

A

hemorrhage (during childbirth)

31
Q

so there’s a lot of info about how to care for the patient that’s pretty common sense

A

main takeaway point is to empower and not be biased, like duh

32
Q

what is the most common alternative for maternity health?

A

prayer

33
Q

what is difference between complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine?

A
  • used together with convential medicine (aromatherpay, massage, acupuncture, vitamins, herbs)
  • alternative: used in place of conventional medicine
  • integrative: combines conventional western medicine with complementary treatments based on scientific evidence
34
Q

what is WIC?

A

women, infant, and children

- offers health services for these groups and is federally funded

35
Q

what is a birthing center/its advantages?

A
  • home-like setting: creates a more relaxed environment, not as many rules to follow; can have unlimited number of people in room
  • close to hospital if complications
  • “normalcy” of birth
  • usually discharged within 24 hours of birth
  • less rules, have more say
  • ** have strict criterias for who can give birth there -> only want low-risk patients

disadvantages: may not have a physician at the birthing center, bad for emergencies

36
Q

why would you opt for an at-home birth?

A
  • LOW cost
  • in your environment, get to set all the rules

disadvantages: emergencies, no pain meds available

37
Q

3 factors to make sure are present for effective communication

A

1) trust-building
2) be respectful (provide modesty when possible)
3) show empathy

38
Q

techniques to facilitate learning when teaching new mothers

A

1) slow down and repeat
2) make more like a conversation
3) chunk info and teach in bits
4) prioritize info: teach the main survival skills first
5) use visual aids and pictures
6) get patient to demonstrate teachings

Women's Health (9 decks)

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