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PT 514L Anatomy > Intro Tissues > Flashcards

Intro Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

The trunk consists of what 3 areas?

A

Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis

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2
Q

The thorax ranges from… to…

A

Clavicle to Diaphragm

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3
Q

The abdomen ranges from… to…

A

Diaphragm to Pelvis

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4
Q

The pelvis consists of…

A

Innominates and sacrum

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5
Q

Cranial

A

Located towards the head

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6
Q

Cephalad

A

Towards the head

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7
Q

Caudal

A

Located towards the tail

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8
Q

Caudad

A

Towards the tail

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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11
Q

Superior

A

Above

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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13
Q

Medius

A

Middle

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14
Q

Flexor

A

Flexor muscles

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15
Q

Extensor

A

Extensor muscles

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16
Q

Axial

A

Axis of a structure

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17
Q

Transverse

A

Right ankles to long axis

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18
Q

Longitudinal

A

Parallel to long axis

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19
Q

Horizontal

A

Parallel to plane of horizon

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20
Q

Vertical

A

Perpendicular to horizon

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21
Q

Medial

A

Toward median plane

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22
Q

Lateral

A

Away from medial plane

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23
Q

Median

A

Middle/midline

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24
Q

Central

A

Center/inferior of the body

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25
Q

Peripheral

A

Away from the center

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26
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface

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27
Q

Deep

A

Deep beneath the surface

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28
Q

External

A

Outer/lateral

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29
Q

Internal

A

Inner/medial

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30
Q

Apical

A

Tip/apex

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31
Q

Basal

A

Bottom/base

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32
Q

Occipital

A

Back of the head

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33
Q

Temporal

A

Lateral region of the head

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34
Q

Sagittal

A

Parallel to sagittal suture

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35
Q

Coronal

A

Parallel to coronal suture

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36
Q

Rostral

A

Toward nose/brow

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37
Q

Frontal

A

To the forehead

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38
Q

Basilar

A

To the skull base

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39
Q

Proximal

A

Close/toward trunk

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40
Q

Distal

A

Away from trunk

41
Q

Radial

A

To radius/lateral side of FA

42
Q

Ulnar

A

To ulna/medial side of FA

43
Q

Tibial

A

Tibia/medial side of leg

44
Q

FIbular

A

Fibula/lateral side of leg

45
Q

Palmar/Volar

A

Palm of hand

46
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

47
Q

Dorsal

A

Top of foot/back of hand

48
Q

What body structure determines the plane?

A

Thorax

49
Q

What axis goes along with the sagittal plane?

A

Transverse

50
Q

What axis goes along with the transverse plane?

A

Longitudinal

51
Q

What axis goes along with the frontal plane?

A

AP (Sagittal)

52
Q

T/F? The scapular is in the frontal plane?

A

False, it is a little forward.

53
Q

What does the axial skeleton consists of?

A

Skull
Vertebra column
Sternum
Ribs

54
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consists of?

A 
UE
LE
Girdle bones
Shoulder bones (scapula/clavicle)
Pelvic bones
55
Q

Does proximal/distal change?

A

NO

56
Q

Does superior/inferior change?

A

YES

57
Q

What is the smallest living structure?

A

Cells

58
Q

What are tissues?

A

Group of similar cells and intercellular substance which surge specific function

59
Q

List simple to complex of the organization.

A

1) Cells
2) Tissues
3) Organs
4) Organ systems
5) Organism

60
Q

What are some tissues?

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Connective

61
Q

Epithelial tissues…

A 
Line internal/external surfaces
Primarily cells (heavy work)
Protect other tissues and regular movement in/out of other tissues (constant turnover)
62
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle tissues.

A

1) Smooth
2) Skeletal
3) Cardiac

63
Q

What is the function/appearance of muscle?

A

Generates force

Striated appearance

64
Q

What is the function of nervous tissues?

A

Carries/transfers info

65
Q

What is C.T.?

A

Cells and intercellular matrix that attaches (connects) anchors, and/or protects other tissues
*Matrix plays important role

66
Q

What are the 4 types of C.T.?

A

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilage
3) Bone
4) Blood

67
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers in C.T.?

A

1) Collagen - tri-helical
2) Elastin
3) Reticular - collagen fibrils

68
Q

Descendants of Fibrous C.T.:

A

Fibroblast

Fibrocyte

69
Q

Descendants of Cartilage.:

A

Chondroblast

Chondrocyte

70
Q

Descendants of Bone.:

A

Osteoblast

Osteocyte

71
Q

Descendants of Blood:

A 
Hematopoietic stem cell
Blood cells (&macrophages)
72
Q

Subclasses of Fibrous C.T.:

A

1) Loose C.T. - Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

2) Dense C.T. - Regular, Irregular, Elastin

73
Q

Subclasses of Cartilage:

A

1) Hyaline
2) Fibrocartilage
3) Elastin

74
Q

Subclasses of Bone:

A

1) Compact

2) Spongy (cancellous)

75
Q

What is collagen fibers?

A

Made from collagen, tri-helical structure, well-organized fibers, resist tensile loads (very little stretch)

76
Q

What is elastic fibers?

A

Made from elastin, ability to stretch, develop tension and return to original length

77
Q

What is reticular fibers?

A

Made from collagen fibrils (small fibers), poorly organized fibers

78
Q

Loose C.T. consists of:

A

1) Areolar
2) Adipose
3) Reticular

79
Q

Dense C.T. consists of:

A

1) Regular
2) Irregular
3) Elastic

80
Q

Loose C.T. are:

A

Most abundant C.T., mostly collagen, filler tissue, holds vessels and nerves, poorly organized, found in subcutaneous areas

81
Q

Dense C.T. are:

A

Primarily collagen in various organized arrangements

82
Q

Areolar:

A

Gel-like matrix that wraps and cushions organs.

Found under epithelium, (lamina propria) and surrounding capillaries and organs.

83
Q

Adipose:

A

Cells=adipose cells are able to store large amounts of fat. Very little intercellular space.

84
Q

Reticular:

A

Found within bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Similar appearance to areolar.

85
Q

Regular:

A

Named b/c of its ordered arrangement of collagen fibers. Dense regular C.T.s are ideal at resisting tensile loads in one or few directions.
Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.

86
Q

Irregular:

A

Collagen fibers have less ordered arrangements.
Although not as strong as regular dense C.T., they can withstand loads in numerous directions.
Fibrous joint capsules, skin dermis, periosteum.

87
Q

Elastic:

A

Primarily consisting of elastic fibers (formed from protein elastin), ground in walls of arteries, trachea, and ligamentum nuchae (extension of supraspinous ligament)

88
Q

Organs are…

A

Group of at least 2 tissues working cooperatively to perform a specific function.
Heart (Cardiovascular system)
Stomach (Digestive system)

89
Q

Organ systems…

A

Group of organs and tissues functioning cooperatively to perform specific functions.
12 organ systems

90
Q

What is cartilage?

A 
Cells = Chondrocytes
Gel-matrix = Proteoglycans
91
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

1) Hyaline
2) Fibrous
3) Elastic

92
Q

What is hyaline?

A

Strongest cartilage, approx. 40% collagen & 60% gel, articular cartilage, embryonic precursor to bone, forms synchondroses

93
Q

What is fibrous?

A

70% collagen, 10% elastin, 20% gel, forms fibrocartilage pages and sympheses

94
Q

What is elastic?

A

Mostly elastin, not found in joints, epiglottis and outer ears

95
Q

Blood is…

A

Cells = erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Platelets = cell remnants
Contains cells, an intercellular fluid matrix plasma, and fibers albumin. Not typical b/c it doesn’t really connect or support other tissues

96
Q

Bones is…

A

Cells = osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Composed of organic and inorganic materials

97
Q

What are the organic materials of bone?

A 
30-35%
Cells
Collagen fibers (25-30%)
Ground/gel substance (5%)
Proteoglycans (glycosaminoglycans)
98
Q

What are the inorganic materials of bone?

A

65-70%
Mineral salts
Hydroxyapatite crystals

PT 514L Anatomy (12 decks)

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