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Physiology 3 > Unit 3 Pulmonary physiology > Flashcards

Unit 3 Pulmonary physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What sets basic drive in brain stem

A

Respiratory neurons

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2
Q

What is ventilation of alveoli couples with

A

Perfusion of pulmonary capillaries

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3
Q

Where in the brain stem are respiratory centers located

A

Dorsal and Ventral medulla (pneumotaxis, Apneustic)

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4
Q

What influences the respiratory centers

A

Higher brain centers
Peripheral mechanoreceptors
Peripheral + Central chemoreceptors

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5
Q

What are the muscles of Inspiration

A 
Diaphragm
External intercostals
SCM
ant + post sup Serratus
Scaleni
Levator costarum
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6
Q

What are the muscles of Expiration

A

Abdominals
Internal intercostals
post Inf serratus
Transverse thoracis

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7
Q

What is the job of muscles of inspiration

A

Increase thoracic cage volume

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8
Q

What keeps the lung inflated

A

Pleural pressure

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9
Q

What is pleural pressure

A

Neg pressure between parietal and visceral pleura

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10
Q

Alveolar pressure is _____ during inspiration

A

Subatmospheric

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11
Q

Alveolar pressure is _____ during expiration

A

Supra-atmospheric

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12
Q

What is used to measure the recoil tendency of the lung

A

Transpulmonary pressure

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13
Q

What is Transpulmonary pressure

A

Difference between alveolar P and Pleural P

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14
Q

When is Transpulmonary pressure at its highest

A

at the end of inspiration

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15
Q

What is the relation between Pleural pressure and lung volume at the onset of inspiration

A

Pleural pressure changes faster than lung volume

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16
Q

What is the measure of the lungs ability to stretch and expand

A

Compliance of the lung

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17
Q

What effect does the thoracic cage have on lung compliance

A

Reduces compliance by 1/2 at the end of a normal expiration

18
Q

When is lung compliance greatly reduced

A

at high or low lung volumes

19
Q

What accounts for most of the work done in breathing

A

Lung compliance

20
Q

How much energy is required for ventilation

A

3-5% of total body energy

21
Q

What is the name given for normal breathing

A

Eupnea

22
Q

What is Hyperpnea

A

increased depth of breathing

23
Q

What type of breathing is associated with an increase in metabolic demand

A

Hypernea

24
Q

What is Hyperventilation

A

Increased Rate, no change in depth of breathing

25
Q

What is Hypoventilation

A

Decrease rate, no change in depth of breathing

26
Q

What is Tachypnea

A

Increase Frequency of respiratory rate

27
Q

What is Apnea

A

Absense of breathing

28
Q

What is Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathin

29
Q

What is Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea when sitting, relieved when upright

30
Q

What is Orthopnea an indicator for

A

Congestive heart failure, Asthma, Lung failure

31
Q

What keeps lungs against the chest well and prevents it from collapsing

A

Negative pleural pressure (suction)

32
Q

What are the forces acting on the lungs that make it want to collapse

A

Surface tension

Elastic fibers

33
Q

What happens when the pleural space communicates with the atmosphere

A

The lungs will collapse

34
Q

What can cause a lung to collapse

A

Puncture wound
Erosion of VIsceral pleura
Blocked airway = blood takes away all the trapped air

35
Q

What provides lubrication between lung and pleura

A

Pleural fluid

36
Q

What type of fluid is pleural fluid

A

Transudate

37
Q

If there is excess pleural fluid, How is it removed

A

It is removed through lymphatics

38
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

Collection of fluid in the pleural space (edema of pleural cavity

39
Q

What causes pleural effusion

A

Blocked lymph drainage
Cardiac failure
Reduced Colloid pressure
Infection/inflammation

40
Q

What is the job of surfactant

A

Reduce surface tension forces by forming a layer between fluid on alveoli and air

41
Q

What produces Surfactant

A

Type II alveolar epithelial cells

Physiology 3 (4 decks)

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