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NSG 110 - Test #1 > Module 17 - Elimination > Flashcards

Module 17 - Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary elimination

A

Passage of urine through urinary tract by means of urinary sphincter and urethra

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2
Q

Bowel elimination

A

Passage of stool through intestinal tract and dispelling of stool by means of smooth muscle contraction

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3
Q

Normal urinary elimination terms

A

Micturition, urination, voiding, etc.

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4
Q

Altered urinary elimination terms

A

Incontinence, enuresis, dysuria, etc.

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5
Q

Normal bowel elimination terms

A

Bowel movement, defecation, etc.

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6
Q

Altered bowel elimination terms

A

Incontinence, diarrhea, constipation, borborygmus, etc.

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7
Q

Risk factors for altered urinary elimination

A

Neurological impairment, mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, infection, medications, etc.

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8
Q

Risk factors for altered bowel elimination

A

Neurological impairment, mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, diet (low fiber/little fluid), medications, etc.

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9
Q

QUESTION:

What is the age range for children to start controlling their elimination?

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

Between 2 and 5 years of age

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10
Q

QUESTION:

Is the following statement true or false? - “Men can have retention issues due to prostate enlargement.”

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

True

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11
Q

QUESTION:

As a nurse, what should you ask about/look for during an elimination assessment?

A

CORRECT ANSWER:
Usual elimination pattern, changes in elimination pattern, changes in color/frequency/quality of urine or stool, diet, medications, etc.

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12
Q

QUESTION:

What is the minimum amount an average adult should void in one hour?

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

30 mL

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13
Q

Characteristics of normal urine

A

Clear/straw/amber color, no microorganisms/blood/glucose/acetone/protein, etc.

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14
Q

Characteristics of normal stool

A

Brown (for adults), cylindrical shape, soft, formed, etc.

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15
Q

Examples of urinary diagnostic tests

A

Urinalysis C/S, Intravenous Pylogram (IVP), etc.

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16
Q

Examples of bowel diagnostic tests

A

Endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, barium enema, etc.

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17
Q

Nursing interventions

A

DO NOT NEED ORDER FOR; toileting schedule, privacy, positioning, strengthen muscles (Kegels), “Heed the need” (don’t make the patient wait)

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18
Q

Over-active bladder (OAB)

A

Acetylcholine sends messages that make it feel like one has to void, but there is nothing to void

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19
Q

Medications for altered urinary elimination

A 
Antispasmotics/anticholinergics:
oxybutynin (Ditropan)
darifenacin (Enablex)
fesoterodine (Toviaz)
solifenacin (Vesicare)
tolerodine (Detrol Detrol LA)
trospium (Sanctura)

Anti-infectives:
cinoxacin (Cinobac)
nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)

Anti-infectives (not specific to UTIs):
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
cotrimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

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20
Q

Side-effects of antispasmotics/anticholinergics

A

N/V, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation

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21
Q

Side-effects of anti-infectives

A

N/V/, diarrhea, anorexia, bladder irritation, dysuria; usually affect GI tract

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22
Q

phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

A

A urinary analgesic (painkiller); urine is color of pill (red)

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23
Q

Medications for altered bowel elimination

A

Chemical laxative:
bisacodyl (Dulcolax) (OTC)

Bulk laxatives:
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
psyllium (Metamucil)
polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX, GoLYTELY)

Lubricant laxative:
docusate (Colace)

Gastrointestinal stimulant:
metoclopramide (Reglan)

Antidiarrheal:
ioperamide (Imodium)

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24
Q 
QUESTION:
A female patient has stress incontinence.  Which of the following data from the patient’s history contributes to this condition (select all that apply)?
A. History of 3 vaginal deliveries
B. History of competitive swimming
C. Client's age of 28
D. Female gender
A

CORRECT ANSWER:

A and D

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25
Q

QUESTION:
The nurse is instructing the client to do Kegel exercises. What should the nurse tell the patient to do to perform these pelvic floor exercises?
A. Tighten the stomach muscles
B. Lift both legs while lying down
C. Perform leg squats
D. Stop the flow of urine while urinating

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

D

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26
Q 
QUESTION:
Following a cystoscopy with biopsy, the nurse should monitor the patient to ensure that he:
A. Has a bowel movement
B. Has no blood in his urine
C. Remains NPO
D. Is able to urinate
A

CORRECT ANSWER:

D

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27
Q

QUESTION:
A male patient is unable to void while lying supine. What can the nurse do to facilitate his ability to urinate?
A. Assist him to a standing position
B. Tell him he must void prior to discharge
C. Pour cold water over his genitalia
D. Ask his wife to assist him in using the urinal

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

A

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28
Q

QUESTION:
The day after having a barium enema test, the patient is alarmed because his stools are white in color. Which statement by the nurse is most helpful?
A. “Don’t worry, this is normal after a barium enema.”
B. “This is expected, be sure to drink plenty of fluids.”
C. “The stool should return to normal color after 2-3 days.”
D. “This is expected, let me know if your stools are still white after 5 days.”

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

B

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29
Q

QUESTION:
Which of the following should the nurse teach a patient to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections?
A. Take bubble baths instead of showers
B. Urinate every 6-8 hours
C. Limit your fluid intake so you don’t have to urinate so often
D. Avoid urinary tract irritants such as coffee, tea, and cola

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

D

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30
Q

QUESTION:
The nurse must perform a straight catheterization for residual urine. In order to carry out this order, the nurse would instruct the nursing assistant:
A. “Let me know when the patient needs to void.”
B. “Let me know as soon as the patient voids.”
C. “Increase this patient’s oral fluid intake.”
D. “Record this patient’s urine output.”

A

CORRECT ANSWER:

B

31
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary urination

32
Q

Functional incontinence

A

State in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine

33
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

34
Q

Kegel exercises

A

Repetitious contraction and relaxation of the pubococcygeal muscle to improve vaginal tone and urinary incontinence

35
Q

Mixed incontinence

A

Symptoms of urge and stress incontinence are present, although one type may predominate

36
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination during the night

37
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine associated with over-distention and overflow of the bladder

38
Q

Post-void residual (PVR)

A

Urine that remains in the bladder after the act of micturition; “residual urine”

39
Q

Reflex incontinence

A

Emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void

40
Q

Stress incontinence

A

State in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure

41
Q

Total incontinence

A

Continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation

42
Q

Transient incontinence

A

Occurrence that appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less and usually is caused by treatable factors, such as confusion secondary to acute illness, infection, and as a result of medical treatment, such as the use of diuretics or intravenous fluid administration

43
Q

Urge incontinence

A

State in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void

44
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Any involuntary loss of urine

45
Q

Bowel incontinence

A

The inability of the anal sphincter to control the discharge of fecal and gaseous material

46
Q

Colostomy

A

An opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma

47
Q

Constipation

A

Passage of dry, hard fecal material

48
Q

Diarrhea

A

Passage of liquid, unformed stools

49
Q

Endoscopy

A

Direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope (a flexible, lighted tube)

50
Q

Enema

A

Introduction of solution into the lower bowel

51
Q

Fecal impaction

A

Collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed

52
Q

Fecal incontinence

A

Involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus

53
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Abnormally distended rectal veins

54
Q

Ileostomy

A

Opening into the small intestine allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma

55
Q

Laxative

A

Drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract

56
Q

Occult blood

A

Blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye

57
Q

Ostomy

A

General term referring to an artificial opening; usually used to refer to an opening created for excretion of body wastes

58
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary, progressive, wave-like movement of the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract

59
Q

Stoma

A

Artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface

60
Q

Suppository

A

Oval-/cone-shaped substance that is inserted into a body cavity and that melts at body temperature

61
Q

Anuria

A

Decreased urine output of less than 50 mL in 24 hours

62
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Bacteria in the urine

63
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased urine volume

64
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

65
Q

Frequency

A

Voiding more frequently than every 3 hours

66
Q

Proteinuria

A

Protein in the urine

67
Q

Pyuria

A

White blood cells in the urine

68
Q

Cystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the urinary bladder

69
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

70
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

71
Q

Urosepsis

A

Spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream that results in a systemic infection

72
Q

Antispasmotics/anticholinergics

A

Agents that block muscle spasm associated with irritation or neurological stimulation

73
Q

Urgency

A

The feeling that one needs to void immediately; associated with infection and inflammation in the urinary tract

NSG 110 - Test #1 (8 decks)

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