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Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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2
Q

3 basic components of neuron

A

cell body/soma, axon, dendrites

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3
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

irregularly shaped cell body-more than 2 cell processes-with one the axon and the other dendrites .(Motor and Interneurons)

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4
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

1 dendrite and axon (retina, olfactory receptor neurons)

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5
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons

A

single process close to the cell body divides into 2 branches. One branch extends to the CNS and the other to a peripheral ending

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6
Q

Motor neurons

A

control effector organs and exocrine and endocrine glands

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7
Q

Sensory neurons

A

receive sensory stimuli

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8
Q

form links among neurons

A

interneurons

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9
Q

Receiving surfaces of neurons

A

dendritic and cell body synaptic sites

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10
Q

name of the “conducting process” in a neuron

A

axon

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11
Q

Impulse initiating mechanism

A

the initial segment aka “axon hillock”

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12
Q

On a slide what would neuron look like?

A

Speherical, large, pale staining, centrally located nucleus with prominent nucleolus

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13
Q

conduct information away from cell body

A

axons

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14
Q

Plasma membrane of the axon

A

=the axolemma and cytoplasm = the axoplasm

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15
Q

Axoplasm contains abundant _______ and ________

A

microtubules and neurofilaments (no ribosomes or Golgi)

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16
Q

Transport of metabolites in the axon may be _______ or ______ (direction)

A

orthograde(from cell body to nerve endings) or retrograde (nerve ending to cell body)

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17
Q

Cytoplasmic dynein

A

can transport organelles and vesicles in retrograde direction. Retrograde flow can carry viruses and toxins along the axon into the CNS.

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18
Q

Dendrites

A

branching cell processes-protrude from the cell body

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19
Q

Do dendrites have myelin sheath

A

Dendrites have NO myelin sheath

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20
Q

Function of dendrite

A

transmit information toward cell body

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of dendrites lack _____________

A

Golgi complex

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22
Q

Large dendrites may have ____ substance

A

Nissl

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23
Q

Dendritic spines

A

present on some dendrites with beaded appearance and are specialized for synaptic contact

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24
Q

Contact of one axon with the dendrites

A

axodendritic synapse

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25
Q

Contact of one axon with cell body

A

axosomatic synapse

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26
Q

Contact of one axon with another axon

A

axoaxonic synapse

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27
Q

Contact of one axon with dendritic spine

A

axospinous

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28
Q

Contact site between dendrites

A

dendrodendritic

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29
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored

A

synaptic vesicles

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30
Q

Synaptic vesicle membrane contains vesicular docking proteins that

A

attach to membrane docking proteins of presynaptic membrane

31
Q

What causes exocytosis of neurotransmitters from vesicle

A

depolarization of axon terminal

32
Q

Basic function of Neuroglia

A

function in mechanical and metabolic support of neurons

33
Q

Examples of neuroglia in CNS

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

34
Q

Name of neuroglia in PNS

A

Schwann cells

35
Q

Name of neuroglia in CNS that contributes to blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

36
Q

Largest of the neuroglial cells

A

astrocytes; have processes that attach to capillary walls

37
Q

Where are astrocytes located?

A

Localized beneath pia of brain and spinal cord

38
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

assist in maintenance of electrolyte balance in CNS and nutrient transport to neurons

39
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line neural tube and ventricles of the brain; bathed in CSF ;many have motile cilia

40
Q

microglia

A

phagocytic cells derived from bone marrow monocytes. condensed elongated nucleus

41
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

In CNS, analogous to Schwann cells of PNS. Produce myelin.(In gray matter-localized close to perikaryons. In white matter-appear in rows among myelinated nerve fibers)

42
Q

What are two specific types of astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes and Fibrous astrocytes

43
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes

A

Granular cytoplasm. Processes have many short and thick branches. CNS gray matter

44
Q

Fibrous astrocytes

A

Long, slender, infrequently branching processes. CNS white matter.

45
Q

What astrocytes are found in CNS white matter

A

Fibrous astrocytes

46
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Ependymal cells and associated capillary loops that are modified to produce CSF

47
Q

Schwann cells produce

A

myelin for myelinated axons in PNS

48
Q

Schwann cells originate from

A

neural crest cells

49
Q

Myelinated nerve fibers

A

Schwann cell wraps around and form myelin sheath -(lipoprotein complex)

50
Q

Dark regular lines of myelin

A

major dense lines

51
Q

Less regular lines of myelin

A

interperiod lines

52
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

spaces between adjacent Schwann cells that appear as gaps in the myelin sheath

53
Q

Distance between 2 nodes on myelinated nerve fibers

A

an internode (1 Schwann cell)

54
Q

Schmidt-Lantermann clefts

A

Small clefts or fissures in the myelin

55
Q

Non-myelinated nerve fibers

A

Axons containing no myelin sheath but are ensheathed by Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes

56
Q

Schwann cell sheath

A

neurolemma

57
Q

Peripheral nerves may be ________ or ________

A

myelinated or nonmyelinated

58
Q

Ganglia on slide

A

ovoid structures encapsulated by dense connective tissue

59
Q

Nerve ganglion

A

aggregation of NERVE CELL BODIES outside the CNS

60
Q

Sensory ganglia

A

1) dorsal root ganglia 2) ganglia of cranial nerves

61
Q

Where are autonomic ganglia located

A

Sympathetic ganglia occur as segmented chain ganglia (sympathetic trunk) and non-segmental collateral ganglia (pre vertebral)

62
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

Scattered throughout body located near organs they innervate

63
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

parasympathetic ganglion in walls of lower GI tract

64
Q

Spinal cord

A

Central mass of gray matter (H-shaped), surrounded by myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers

65
Q

Gray matter consists of a broad anterior horn, a narrow posterior horn joined by a

A

central commissure

66
Q

Where are the lateral horns located?

A

Lateral horns are present in the thoracic and first 2 lumbar segments

67
Q

The anterior horn contains

A

large motor neurons which send axons via the ventral spinal roots to skeletal muscles - terminate in motor plates

68
Q

The posterior horn contains

A

small nerve cells which receive afferent impulses from sensory nerve cells of the spinal ganglion cells via dorsal spinal roots

69
Q

Pacini’s corpuscle

A

nerve ending; lamellated corpuscle with “onion shape”. located in subcutaneous tissue-sense organ stimulated by pressure found in deep layers of skin particularly around finger pads. Transducer which responds to vibration, pressure, and tension

70
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

nerve ending; touch receptors numerous in dermal papillae of finger pads. involved in 2-point discrimination

71
Q

Merkel nerve ending

A

Merkel cell in skin associated with nerve. pressure and texture sensor. Sustained response to pressure. also involved in 2-point discrimination along with Meissner’s corpuscle

72
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Continuous capillaries with occluding junctions + cell processes of astrocytes

73
Q

What kind of drugs cross Blood Brain Barrier

A

lipid soluble drugs; substance>500 daltons

Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim (8 decks)

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