Lecture 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Glands Based on Development
- What kind of cells compose glandular tissue?
- Unicellular vs multicellular glands.
A
- Epithelial cells specialized for a secretory function
- Cells may be incorporated within the epithelial layer (unicellular glands) or they may grown down into the underlying connective tissue (multicellular glands)
2
Q
Types of Glands Based on Development: Exocrine Glands
- How as an exocrine gland formed?
- What are some examples of exocrine glands?
- How do exocrine glands secrete their product?
A
- When the eipthelial layer grows down into the underlying connective tissue, it remains connected to the originating epithelial layer
- salivary, mammary, sweat, sebaceous, liver, pancreas.
- Via a duct derived from the original connection to the epithelial layer
3
Q
Types of Glands Based on Development: Endocrine Glands
- How are endocrine glands formed?
- Examples?
- Where do endocrine glands secrete their product?
A
- When the epithelial layer grows down into the underlying connective tissue, the down growth may degenerate, leaving the secretory tissue isolated from the parent epithelial tissue
- Pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroid, adrenals, gonads, liver, pancreas
- Secreted into surrounding blood vessels
4
Q
Types of Glands Based on Development
- General summary of exocrine glands
- General summary of endocrine glands
- Endocrine glands lack what?
A
- Epithelial outgrowths that retain connection to overlying epithelium
- Epithelial outgrowths that lose their connection to the overlying epithelium
- Ducts!
5
Q
Terms Related to Secretion
- How is exocrine secretion done?
- How is endocrine secretion done?
- How is paracrine secretion done?
- How is autocrine secretion done?
A
- Secretory product is transported via duct system often to lumen or organ surface
- Secretory product (hormone) is directly released into the blood
- Secretion affects neighboring cells
- Secretion affects the cell that released it
6
Q
Classification of Glands
- What criteria can glands be calssified by?
A
- Unicellular vs multicellular, presence of branching, shape of secretory portion
7
Q
Classification of Glands: Number of cells
- Unicellular examples
- Multicellular examples
A
- Goblect cells (exocrine), mucous cells of stomach (exocrine), enteroendocrine cells (endocrine)
- most other endocrine and exocrine glands
8
Q
Classification of Glands: Ductal Branching
- Simple multicellar glands
- Compound multicellular glands
A
- Do not exhibit ductal branching
- Have ductal branching
9
Q
Classification of Glands: Based on Secretory Portion
- Tubular types and examples
A
- Straight (crypts of Lieberkuhn in large intestine
- Coiled (sweat glands)
- Branched (fundic, pyloric, and cardiac glands of stomach)
10
Q
Classification of Glands: Based on Secretory Portion
- Alveolar examples
A
- Meibomian glands of eyelids
- sebaceous glands of skin
11
Q
Classification of Glands: Based on Secretory Portion
- Tubuloalveolar examples
A
- Salivary glands
- Brunner’s glands of duodenum
- Mucous glands of esophagus
12
Q
Multicellular Gland Classification
- Simple excretory duct includes which possible shapes?
- Compound excretory duct includes which possible shapes?
A
- Tubular, Coiled, Tubular branched, Acinar/alveolar
- Branched tubular, branched alveolar (acinar), branched tubuloalveolar (-acinar)
13
Q
Classification of Glands by Secretion Composition
- Serous secretions
- Mucous secretions
- Mixed (serous-mucous) secretions
A
- Watery and enzyme-filled
- Thick, mucin-containing
- Combination of both
14
Q
Classification of Glands by Secretion Mechanism
- Merocrine (eccrine)
- Apocrine
- Holocrine
A
- Secretory product is stored in membrane-bound vesicles and cytoplasm is retrieved in exocytosis/endocytosis. MAIN THING - cell is not damaged in secretion. Includes most glands
- Apical cytoplasm is released along with secretory product. Part of the cell disintegrates
- Entire cell is released as part of secretory product. Sebaceous glands.
