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Common Human Diseases > Book Material Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Book Material Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

According to the oldest theory of causation what was responsible for disease causation

A

evil spirits

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2
Q

who introduced the theory of contagion

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

what is the theory of multiple causation

A

explains disease causation in both infectious and noninfectious diseases

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4
Q

Endemic

A

constant presence of a disease in a population (heart disease)

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5
Q

Epidemic

A

outbreak of a specific disease in excess of what would be normally expected

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6
Q

Pandemic

A

an epidemic widespread over a country, continent, or worldwide

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7
Q

Prevalence rate

A

number of cases of a particular disease in a given community at a specific time

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8
Q

Incidence rate

A

number of NEW cases occurring at a specific time

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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of prevention

A

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary

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10
Q

Primary Prevention

A

refers to measures taken before the disease occurs to reduce susceptibility

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11
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

measures taken to diagnose disease which are already present

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12
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

all measures to return a person to a normal state of health or to keep a person alive

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13
Q

Whether a person gets a disease depends on 3 factors…

A

the disease agent, the host, and the environment

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14
Q

Viruses

A

smallest of disease-causing organisms

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15
Q

Prions

A

infectious agents made of proteins which cause neurodegenerative diseases

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16
Q

Bacteria

A

single-celled organisms which are abundant in our environment

17
Q

Rickettsiae

A

small bacteria which are always transported by insects

18
Q

Fungi

A

plantlike organisms which are constantly present in the air

19
Q

Protozoa

A

microscopic parasitic animals which release toxins or enzymes which destroy cells or interfere with their functions

20
Q

Metazoa

A

multicellular parasitic animals (worms) that can infest any compartment in the body and travel across various tissue barriers from organ to organ

21
Q

Psychosomatic

A

disease or disorder influenced or caused by a person’s mind

22
Q

Categories of environmental factors of disease…

A

biological, physical, and social

23
Q

NTD

A

neglected tropical disease

24
Q

Reservoir

A

where a disease NORMALLY LIVES or is found in significant numbers

25
Q

Zoonose Reservoir

A

Diseases “reserved” in animals (rabies)

26
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

how disease is spread between hosts

27
Q

Vectors

A

infectious agent are spread by an arthropod, (mosquitos)

28
Q

Carriers

A

are humans or other animals in which the infectious agent is growing and reproducing with little or no visible harm to the current host

29
Q

Chronic Carriers

A

Organisms that usually have had the disease but from whom the infectious agent has not been completely purged or a virulent pathogen for one species may be a harmless component of the natural flora of another species

30
Q

Transient Carriers

A

organisms that are COMING-DOWN with a disease, but who haven’t shown identifiable symptoms (e.g. Hepatitis A) and those who are RECOVERING from the disease, but who are feeling well enough to roam free in the world once again and transmit infection

31
Q

Etiology

A

the cause of the disease

32
Q

Spongeform Encephalophy

A

condition of the brain caused by Kuru that makes the brain look like a sponge

33
Q

Urticaria

A

another name for hives

34
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

a chronic systematic inflammatory disease that primarily attacks peripheral joints and surrounding muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels

35
Q

Lupus Erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the connective tissues (causes the nasty face and body scars)

36
Q

Tuberculosis

A

an upper respiratory infection which is very deadly

37
Q

Salmonellosis (Salmonella)

A

most common food borne epidemic in the US

38
Q

Typhoid

A

caused by salmonella typhi

39
Q

Syphilis

A

STD which can be cured with penicillin

Common Human Diseases (5 decks)

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