Chapter 2 Flashcards
Neuroscience
Branch of life science that focuses in the structure and function of the brain
Biological Psychology
Branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of the psychological process and behavior and learning
Behavioral neuroscience
Neuron
Sends and reviews messages
Soma
Cell body. Contains nucleus
Dendrites
Receive messages
Axon
Carries messages
Nervous System
A network of cells that carries info to all parts of the body
Myelin Sheath
Fatty later. Insulates and protects neuron. Speeds up.
Glial Cells
Structure in which neurons develop/ work on
Get nutrients
Clean up dead neurons
Provides
Insulation
Oligodendrocytes
Brain and spinal cord
Cannot regenerate
Schwann Cells
Neurons
Can regenerate
Nerves
Bundled of axons
Diffusion
The process of ions moving from high to low concentration
Sodium potassium pump
Electrostatic Pressure
The balance of electrical charges when ions are at rest
Resting Potential
State of rest
Axon Hillock
The axon closest to the soma
Action Potential
The sequence of ion channels opening up down the length of the axon
1 thousandth of a second
All-or-None
Neurons are either firing or not firing
Refractory Period
The amount of time it takes for
Neuron to recover so it can fire again
Neurotransmitter
Chemical inside neuron that transmits a message
Synapse
(Synaptic gap)
Fluid filled space in which neurons transmit across
Receptor Sites
Proteins that only allow a particular neurotransmitter to fit into it
Excitatory
Turn cells on
Inhibitory
Turn cells off
Antagonist
Blocks/ reduces effect of neurotransmitter
Agonist
Mimics effects of neurotransmitter
Neuropeptides
Influence actions of other neurotransmitters
AcH
Acetylcholine
1st discovered
Not reabsorbed in reuptake
Excitatory/ inhibitory
Arousal. Attention. Memory
NE
Norepinephrine
Excitatory
Arousal. Mood
DA
Dopamine
Excitatory/ inhibitory
Movement. Pleasure
5-HT
Serotonin
Excitatory/ inhibitory
Sleep. Mood. Anxiety. Appetite
SSRI treats depression
GABA
Gamma aminobutyric acid
Inhibitory
Sleep. Movement
Glutamate
Excitatory
Learning. Memory. Plasticity
Endorphins
Inhibitory
Control pain
Reuptake
Reabsorption of left over neurotransmitters
CNS
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates body functions
Involuntary