Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Week 4 > Histology: Connective tissue (lecture) > Flashcards

Histology: Connective tissue (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of connnective tissue surrounds vessels and nerves?

A

loose CT (acts to fill and pack around)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F: dense CT has thinner fibers than loose CT?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of connective tissue is characterized by loose packing of its fibers?

A

Loose CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of CT has large, closely packed fibers and contains cells that are mostly fibroblasts?

A

Dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 areas where dense irregular CT can be found?

A

Stroma of organs
dermis of skin
periosteum and perichondrium
capsules of organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 areas where dense regular CT can be found?

A

tendons
ligaments
aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does dense regular CT consist of?

A

fibroblasts in linear rows and paralel-oriented collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of collagen is typically found in dense regular CT?

A

type I - resisted tensile stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where can reticular connective tissue be found? (5 places)

A 
bone marrow
lymph nodes
lymph nodules
spleen
tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: reticular cells are modified fibroblasts?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of collagen makes up reticular fibers?

A

type III collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What allow special stains to be used in reticular fiber visualization?

A

Lots of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Compare reticular cells to fibroblasts

A

they are branching and have much more cytoplasm (they lie along the length of the reticular fiber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells and fibers are most important in lymph nodes and blood forming organs?

A

Reticular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the earliest CT in the embryo?

A

mesenchyme - undifferntiated and can form all kinds of CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: mesenchyme contains sparse reticular fibers in an abundant ground substance?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: Mesenchymal cells are non-existent in adulthood

A

False - they are more common in children but a smaller amount persist into adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a pericyte?

A

adult mesenchymal cell that can give rise to fibrolasts and participate in new vessel formation during wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does CT participate in tissue repair in the body most often?

A

fibroblasts become myofibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe what scar tissue is.

A

dense irregular CT that may compromise function (e.g. cornea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are myofibroblasts derived from?

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What cells are partly responsible for wound contraction?

A

myofibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F: myofibroblasts are intermediates between fibroblasts and smooth muscle because they contain actin.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do myofibroblasts work?

A

They have proteins attached to collagen outside of cell and actin in the cell. The proteins move along actin and grip onto collagen to pull cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens as a clot forms in the skin?

A

macrophages and neutophils invade and clean up debris, dead cells, degrade ECM and collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are growth factors in the wound produced by?

A

macrophages

27
Q

What do growth factors in the wound stimulate?

A

fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells proliferate and re-synthesize ECM (sometimes scar = hyperprolferative)

28
Q

T or F: collagen metabolism is low in adults

A

True - degration and deposition = usually equal

29
Q

In what adult tissue is collagen metabolized at a higher rate?

A

scar tissue

30
Q

What types of cells modulate collagen degradation?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils = collagenases

31
Q

What affect does scruvy have on collagen deposition and degradation?

A

It increases the rate of collagen degradation by collagenases

Scars begin to open

32
Q

What causes scurvy?

A

Lack of Vit. C - cofactor needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen

33
Q

What is the disease that causes overproduction of tissue as a result of minor injury?

A

Keloids - collagen sythesis out of control

34
Q

What are common causes of liver fibrosis?

A

viral infections, alcohol

35
Q

T or F: there is a great amount of ECM in fat cells?

A

False

36
Q

Where are 4 places that adipose connective tissue is commonly found.

A

subcutaneous tissue (skin)
around kidney
around vessels of the heart
in mesenteries (abdomin)

37
Q

What type of cells contain only a single droplet of fat?

A

White adipose tissue

38
Q

How are triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) delivered to fat cells?

A

transported by blood from intestin and liver and broken down into fatty acids and glycerol that diffuse into adipocyte to reform triglycerides

39
Q

What is leptin?

A

adipokine that regulates appetite in mice

40
Q

Why might leptin be unaffective in humans?

A

target cells in hypothalmus etc. may have insufficient receptors or post-receptor signal transduction

41
Q

What factors characterize metabolic syndrome?

A 
central obesity
high BP (cardiovascular disease)
High triglycerides
low HDL
insulin resistance (diabetes)
42
Q

What does metabolic syndrome look like?

A

lots of weight around the belly

43
Q

What type of adipose tissue is multilocular?

A

Brown adipose

44
Q

where is brown adipose tissue most commonly found?

A

hibernating animals and infants because it helps regulate body temp

45
Q

Is multilocular fat associated with disease?

A

NO

46
Q

What do mast cells look like?

A

Oval cells with a small oval nucleus

Filled with small membrane bound granules

47
Q

Where are mast cells found in the largest numbers?

A

along the course of small blood vessels

48
Q

Why are granules not typically seen in sectioned material?

A

because they are water soluble

49
Q

What do mast cell granules contain?

A

Heparin (anticoagulant),
Histamine
Slow reactive Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRSA)

50
Q

What are the biological effects of histamine?

A

vasodilation

increased capillary and venule permeability

51
Q

What are the biological effects of SRSA?

A

increases smooth muscle contraction

52
Q

What do endothelial cells do in the presence of histamine?

A

develop gaps between them and they leak fluid from vasculature into the tissue (edema)

53
Q

What are Hurler, Sanfillipo, and Morquio syndromes?

A

Ground substance diseases where deficiency in lysosomal enzymes (Hydrolases) that degrade proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans resulting in intracellular accumulation of these thing

54
Q

What are symptoms Hurler, Sanfillipo, and Morquio syndromes?

A

mental retardation, growth and heart abnormalities, shortened lifespan

55
Q

What causes Marfan Syndrome?

A

genetic defect in fibrillin gene causing abnormal elastic fibers

56
Q

T or F: people with marfans have an additional risk of aorta rupture and blurred vision?

A

True - aortic rupture = due to lack of elastic recoil

57
Q

T or F: elastic fibers are generally thinner than collagen fibers?

A

T

58
Q

What are elastic fibers composed of?

A

fibrillin and microfibrils

59
Q

where is elastin located?

A

Dermis of the skin, CT of lung (recoil during exhalation), elastic cartilage, larger arteries

60
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos and what are its symptomes?

A

genetic disorder of CTs, people typically have overly flexible joints, stretchy fragile skin, fragile BVs, propensity for dislocations

61
Q

What type(s) of collagen are affected by classical ehlers-danlos syndrome?

A

Type V

62
Q

What type(s) of collagen are affected by hypermobility ehlers-danlos syndrome?

A

Type III, Tenascin-XB (extracellular protein)

63
Q

What type(s) of collagen are affected by vascular ehlers-danlos syndrome?

A

Type III

Anatomy Week 4 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions