9-8 Zoonoses Flashcards
A: Which Brucella species is MOST COMMON for Human infection and MOST VIRULENT
B: Which Brucella species is least common
A: [Brucella melitensis (from Sheep and Goats)] = MOST COMMON of human infections and most virulent.
B: Brucella canis (from dogs) = least common and generally laboratory acquired
A: Why are Lab workers at risk when working with Brucella?
B: List the populations at risk for Brucella Infection (4)
C: What category Bioterrorism is Brucella?
A: Laboratory workers inhale [Brucella Aerosols] which are dangerous
B:
- Farmers
- Veterinarians
- Abattoirs
- [Laboratory Workers]
C: Brucella is a CATEGORY B INFECTIOUS AGENT!
2 Examples of Category C Bioterrosim Agents
B: What’s the Criteria for this (3)
Nipah virus
and hantavirus
B: emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of
- availability;
- ease of production and dissemination; and
- potential for major health impact
A: Brucella Pathogenesis (3 steps)
B: Where do the organisms actually replicate
C: What is the Host rxn to this
D: Natural recovery for the host depends on what?
1st: Organisms penetrate skin or mucous membranes
2nd: Phagocytosized by macrophages and monocytes
3rd: Carried to spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes and kidneys
B: Organisms multiply INSIDE macrophages in RE system and are able to live inside cells because they BLOCK PMN Degranulation
C: Host reaction is the formation of small granulomas
D: Recovery depends on [T-Cell Mediated Immunity] ONLY
A: What is [Erythritol predilection]?
B: What bacteria causes this?
- Erythritol predilection* explains why animals have abortions and sterility.
- MACs process Brucella antigens and present them to T cells which excrete lymphokines responsible for attracting cells to the area of infection—> Abortion.
B: Brucella
A: Brucella Clinical Manifestations: (2)
B: What are the 3 Organomegaly’s it causes
C: Bone-related Sx of Brucella (2)
D: Cardiovascular-related sx of Brucella
Brucella Clinical Manifestations:
A:
1st: Initial = Nonspecific sx (Malaise/ weakness/ myalgias)
2nd:[GI sx] and [Intermittent Undulant Fever] caused by Brucella sequestering in granulomas of tissue and [bone marrow]
B: Also causes [Hepatomegaly / Splenomegaly / Lymphadenopathy]
C: [Osteolytic Lesions] and [Bone Sacroilitis]
D: [Brucella Endocarditis] –> may requires valve replacement
B: Brucella Characteristics
1. shape and gram stain
2. How does it physically look
3. Which Agar and what does it require?
C: Tx
A:
1. Blood and [bone marrow] Cultures with EXTENDED incubation time
2. Elevated [Febrile Agglutinin Titer]
——————————————————————————-
B: LAB:
-gram negative coccobacilli
-appears like “fine sand”
-GROWS on Chocolate Agar but requires PROLONGED INCUBATION and enriched media
C: Tx
-Oral tetracyclines + [aminoglycosides-gentamycin/streptomycin]
C2: Relapse may occur becuz some Brucellosis can be chronic
Who are most at risk for [Francisella Tularensis] infection? (3)
(AKA Tularemia)
- Hunters
- People exposed to [Dermacenter Ticks]
- Lab Workers (from inhaling infectious aerosol when dealing w/infected animal)
List the 6 Clinical Manifestations of [Francisella Tularensis]
“Francis FORCUT theTick b4 SYMPTOMS”
- Fever and malaise 2-5 days after exposure
- [Oropharyngeal Exudative Pharyngitis]
- Regional Lymphadenopathy
- Conjunctivitis (unilateral) after aersol/water exposure
- Ulceroglandular Papule at bite site
- Typhoidal Infection = HIGH MORTALITY = Fever/Wt loss/Prostration
[Francisella Tularensis] Diagnosis:
- Which Stain.
1B: Special Requirements (3)? - Serologic Dx
Tularemia: Diagnosis
1. IFA
1B:
• Culture requires [SulfHydryl] to grow -
- Chocolate Agar
- DOES NOT GROW ON ROUTINE MEDIA
- Serologic Dx: acute and
convalescent agglutinin antibody titers
• Single serum may reflect previous exposure
A: Transmission for [Yersinia Pestis] (3) AKA ____
B: Lab Studies with pts infected with [Yersinia Pestis] (2)
Transmission for [Yersinia Pestis] (3) AKA PLAGUE
- Flea Bite
- Direct Contact w/infected tissue
- INHALING infected aerosols or from pt with pulmonary dz
B:
- WBC count between 10K to 20K
- normal Platelet or [low Platelet due to DIC]
[Bubonic Plague] Clinical Syndrome
1. What happens 1st
- What happens 2nd
B: Mortality Rate
C: What Bacteria is this caused by?
Bubonic Plague
1st: Bubo thts painful + Fever up to 1 week after bite
2nd: Lethargy with INTENSE BUBO PAIN hours after Bubo formation
B: 75% mortality if untreated
C: [YERSINIA PESTIS]
[Septicemic Black Plague] Clinical Syndrome
A: Sx (6)
B: Where does “Black Death” come from?
C: What is the fatality rate so high with [Septicemic Plague]
D: What Bacteria is this caused by?
Septicemic Black Plague
A: “PBS Did Favors Daily for Blacks “
- Pediatric Shock
- BLACK Hemorrhagic Splotches–> “BLACK Death”
- Septic Shock
- DIC
- Fever
- Delirum
B: [Black hemorrhagic splotches] gave rise to the name “Black Death”
C: 100% of pts. become septic with + blood cultures – Fatality rate high due to delay in Dx and Tx
D: [YERSENIA PESTIS]
[Pneumonic Plague] Clinical Syndrome
- Pathogenesis
- Sx
- Initially (4)
- secondarily - How do these pts become infectious
- What happens, if untreated
- What bacteria causes this
[Pneumonic Plague]
1. Plague bacillus reaches lungs by hematogenous spread or by inhalation of infectious aerosol from plague pt. with cough.
- Initially: Fever, headache, malaise, confusion
2nd: Pts. develop cough, chest pain, hemoptysis.
3: Sputum usually purulent and contains [plague bacillus]
* *(Patient highly infectious)**
- Quickly followed by sepsis / death unless therapy initiated within one day following onset of symptoms
- YERSINIA PESTIS
A: [Yersinia Pestis] Colonies grow slowly on ______ media and after 48 hrs can have a ______ or ______ appearance under stereoscope
B: [Yersinia Pestis] grow faster at ______ TEMPERATURES
C: MOTILE OR [NON-MOTILE]
D: What family?
A: [Yersinia Pestis] Colonies grow slowly on ORDINARY media and after 48 hrs can have a “fried egg” or “beaten copper” appearance under stereoscope
B: [Yersinia Pestis] grow faster at COLDER TEMPERATURES
C: NON-MOTILE
D: Enterobacteriaceae
