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Microbiology > CNS Infections II > Flashcards

CNS Infections II Flashcards

1
Q

where does Haemophilus influenzae get its virulence

A

pili, LPS, capsule (polyribitol phosphate)

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2
Q

biology of heamophilus influenzae

A

non motile gram neg rod, fastidious [uses X (heme) and V (NAD) factor]

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3
Q

clinical features of h. influenzae

A
  • slower onset (3-4 days)
  • follows: nasopharyngitis, sinusitus, otitis media
  • 1/3 survivors have neurological sequel
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4
Q

prevention of haemophilus influenzae

A

vaccine: herbix

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5
Q

problem with vaccination of h. influenzae

A

it is specific for the capsule of h. influenzae but new strains are now unencapsulated

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6
Q

who gets the listeria monocytogenes strain of meningitis

A

– Infants
– Adults >60y, alcoholics, cancer patients, renal transplant
-those who drink unpasteurized milk

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7
Q

biology of listeria monocytogenes (include virulence factor)

A

gram positive rod

virulence factors: internalin A and B, listeriolysin O

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8
Q

functions of internalin A and B and listeriolysin O

A

internalins - helps bacteria attach to host

listerolysin - form spores that help bacteria invade cells

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9
Q

clinical features of listeria monocytogenes

A

– Subclinical-gastrointestinal like
– Neonatal
– Immunocompromised

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10
Q

transmission of strep agalactiae

A

it is seen in newborns so vertical transmission from pregnant women who 15-35% of them are asymptomatic

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11
Q

Facultative Gram-negative bacilli

A

Klebsiella, E. coli, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa

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12
Q

how does one get the facultative gram neg bacilli

A

head trauma or neurosurgery

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13
Q

how does one get a staphylococci CNS infection

A

early post neurosurgical/post-trauma hence why it is so uncommon

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14
Q

underlying conditions that lead to staphylococci CNS infections

A

– Diabetes mellitus
– Alcoholism
– Chronic renal failure (hemodialysis)

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15
Q

how does staph epidermidis get to the CNS

A

uses CSF shunts

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16
Q

what is a health care related CNS infection

A

MRSA

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17
Q

treponema pallidum can lead to what CNS infections

A

syphilis and spirocheteal meningitis

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18
Q

clinical neurosyphilis

A

– Syphilitic meningitis (0.3-2.4% untreated cases)
– Meningovascular syphilis
– Parenchymatous neurosyphilis
– Gummatous neurosyphilis (rare)

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19
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi can lead to what infection

A

Lyme infection

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20
Q

special feature of borrelia burgodorferi

clinical features of borrelia burgodorferi

A

spirochete

2-10 weeks post erythema migrans

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21
Q

symptoms of viral causes of meningitis

A
  • acute benign, self limiting, monophasic

- cranial neuropathy and raised intracranial pressure

22
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis in US

A

enterovirus

23
Q

pathogenesis of viral causes of meningitis

A

mucosal surface colonization RTI/GIT –> viremia –> CNS invasion –> virus spread within the CNS

24
Q

who gets non polio enterovirus

A

infants and young children with no previous exposure and immunity

thought it is part of adult normal flora

25
Q

who gets mump virus

A

non immunized population (meningoencephalitis)

26
Q

feature of mump virus

A

benign and self limiting

27
Q

what are the late viruses

A

herpes

28
Q

most common herpes virus in CNS infection

A

HSV 2

29
Q

what are the herpes virus associated with CNS infections

A

HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV 6, 7, 8

30
Q

virus associated with roseola infantum

A

HHV6

31
Q

arbovirus (arthropod borne) leads to

A

encephalitis

32
Q

what virus is associated with rodents and excreta (hamsters, rats, mice)

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

so you see this in lab workers, houses with poor hygiene, pet owners

33
Q

most fungal cause of CNS infections

A

cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcus gatti)

34
Q

what does c. neoformans cause in immunocompromised and previous healthy individuals

A

encephalitis

35
Q

how do you diagnose c. neoformans

A

PCR, india ink (capsule)

36
Q

what does c. gattii colonize

A

wood

37
Q

geographical location of histoplasma capsulatum

A

Ohio, Mississippi river valley

38
Q

who is commonly affected with histoplasma capsulatum

A

• Immunosuppressed
– AIDS
– Solid organ transplants

39
Q

how do you diagnose histoplasmosis

A

PCR (best), histoplasma antigen in CSF, culture (grows slowly)

40
Q

what is seen in blastomyces

A

brain abscesses

41
Q

geographical location of coccoides

A

Central & Southern Arizona + Central Valley of California

42
Q

symptoms of coccoides and diagnosis method

A

pneumonia like

eosinophil in CSF, complement fixation test

43
Q

how does one get candida

A

common in neonatal ICU through the use of IV catheters

44
Q

most common cause of chronic meningitis

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis due to rupture of subarachnoid space

45
Q

general features of encephalitis

A
  • Irritability
  • Altered personality
  • Drowsiness
  • Ataxia
  • Excessively brisk tendon reflexes
46
Q

CSF findings of encephalitis

A

same as viral since it is due to viruses

47
Q

diagnostic method of encephalitis

A

MRI

48
Q

most common sporadic encephalitis

A

herpes virus

49
Q

clinical features of herpes virus

A 
– Incubation period uncertain 
• Rapid onset – several days
– Fever (90-100%)
– Altered consciousness (97-100%) 
– Headache (70-81%)
50
Q

vector born viruses

A 
• Arboviruses 
– Togaviridae 
– Flaviviridae
– Bunyaviridae 
– Reoviridae

Microbiology (39 decks)

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