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Pharmacology 1 > Kinetics and Dynamics 101 > Flashcards

Kinetics and Dynamics 101 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

drug mechanism of action`

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2
Q

Name 3 qualitative and 3 quantitative aspects of pharmacodynamics

A

Qual: receptors, enzymes, selectivity

Quan: dose-response, efficacy, potency

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3
Q

What is a drug isomer

A

same drug turned over (R & S)

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4
Q

Where are most receptors found?

A

external receptors on the cell membrane

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5
Q

Is a drug more potent when bound to what type of receptors? give example

A

internal receptor, steroids

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6
Q

What occurs in down regulation?

A

decreased number of receptors due to an increased exposure as in drug tolerance and tachyphylaxis

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7
Q

What occurs in up regulation?

A

increased number of receptors due to a decreased exposure as in super-sensitization

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8
Q

agonist vs antagonist

A

agonist stimulates the receptor

antagonist blocks the receptor

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9
Q

are the majority of drugs reversible or irreversible? one example of minority

A

reversible

proton pump inhibitors

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10
Q

___ and ___ can effect ADME

A

age and disease state

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11
Q

movement across cell membranes can be ____ or ____

A

active or passive

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12
Q

What is lipophilic?

A

unionized = uncharged = lipid soluble

acid / acid or base base

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13
Q

___ and ____ are lipids

A

placenta and BBB

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14
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

ionized = charged = water soluble

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15
Q

what is enteral, parenteral, pr, transdermal, inhalational

A 
oral
IV
per rectum 
patches (LIPOPHILIC)
HYDROPHILIC (want to stay in lungs)
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16
Q

Pseudophed is a _________

A

alpha agonist

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17
Q

Where is an acidic drug absorbed

A

stomach (lipid membrane, acidic)

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18
Q

Where is a basic drug absorbed?

A

duodenum (basic)

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19
Q

If you have an acidic drug and want to increase the urination what do you do?

A

alkalinize the kidney

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20
Q

What is SR?

A

sustained release drugs, slowly absorbed but NOT effected by metabolism

21
Q

What is a depot?

A

pharmaceutical variants of parenteral drugs designed to increase half life and delay release, given IM

22
Q

Lipophilic drugs are metabolized where?

Hydrophilic?

A

Liver

Kidney

23
Q

Distribution quantifies the ____

A

extent of disposition of a drug

24
Q

What happens with a high Vd drug?

A

goes everywhere, high disposition and distribution

25
Q

What happens with a low Vd drug?

A

stays in plasma after administration

26
Q

What does drug bind to?

A

usually albumin, creating plasma protein bound drug that is INACTIVE

27
Q

if you increase the lipophilicity of a drug you ____ the Vd

A

increase

28
Q

if you increase the hydrophilicity of a drug you ___ the Vd

A

decrease

29
Q

Coumadin is ___ PPB

A

99%

30
Q

if 2 drugs are highly protein bound, they compete for binding sites. the loser has ____ effect

A

INCREASED, pronounced since unbound

31
Q

Malnourished people have hypoalbumin and require _____ doses of coumadin

A

lower

32
Q

pregnant women have hyperalbumin and require ___ doses of coumadin

A

increased (more protein bound drug so less active)

33
Q

How many 1/2 lives to eliminate a drug?

A

5-6

34
Q

Define steady state, important with what type of drugs?

A

drug absorption= drug metabolism

IV

35
Q

What is CP 450

A

cytochrome P450 system- family of enyzmes and isoenzymes which are responsible for degrading ingested substances into either or both more polar or inctive compounds (sometimes polar and active) in the liver

36
Q

Is CP 450 hydro or lipophilic?

A

lipophilic

37
Q

Where else is CP450 found?

A

intestines

38
Q

What are the two methods of elimination?

A

renal or fecal

39
Q

Define secretion **

A

movement of certain substances from efferent arteriole capillaries into tubles

40
Q

What blocks secretion?

A

probenecid

  • mixed with PCN is favorable drug interaction
41
Q

Humans are _____% identical

A

99.9

42
Q

differentiate quantitative and qualitative drug monitoring

A

quantitative- 2 mg heroin in blood

qualitative- yes heroin in urine

43
Q

T or F: drug concentration does not always correlate with effect or it correlates poorly

A

TRUE

44
Q

T or F: concentrations do not relate to drug administration times and infusion rates

A

FALSE – there are peaks and troughs

45
Q

List the 3 things drugs can interact with

A

other drug
disease
food

46
Q

Drug A is CP450 substrate
Drug B is CP450 inhibitor
What happens?

A

Drug A levels increase

47
Q

Drug A is CP450 substrate
Drug B is CP450 inducer
What happens?

A

Drug A levels decrease

48
Q

Drug A is not a CP450 substrate
Drug B is CP450 inhibitor
What happens?

A

nothing

Pharmacology 1 (5 decks)

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