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HAE - Quiz 2 > Nervous System - Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System - Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • all of the nervous tissue outside of the CNS
  • primarily consists of nerves that function to communicate between the body and the CNS

Cranial nerves - PNS nerves that connect to the brain

Spinal Nerves - PNS nerves that connect to the spinal cord

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2
Q

Cranial Nerves

A
  • allow direct communication between the body and the brain
  • one exception - accessory nerve (CN XI) arises from the spinal cord
  • 12 pairs (CN I - CN XII)
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3
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • allow communication between the body and the spinal cord
  • 31 pairs
  • connected to the spinal cord by rootlets (dorsal root and ventral root)
  • attached to spinal cord at regular intervals (reflection of segmental development)

8 Cervical

12 Thoracic

5 Lumbar

5 Sacral

1 Coccygeal

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4
Q

Cranial Nerves and # Spinal Nerves

A
  • 12 pairs cranial nerves
  • 31 pairs spinal nerves
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5
Q

Spinal Cord Segment

A
  • each individual portion of the spinal cord that is derived from one somite (blocks of mesoderm that lead spinal cord to develop in segmental fashion)
  • each spinal cord segment is associated with one spinal nerve pair (one nerve on right and one left)
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6
Q

Somites

A
  • derived from paraxial mesoderm
  • repeating “blocks” of mesoderm that lie on either side of the neural tube
  • develops into adult structures in a segmental pattern (i.e. vertebrae)
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7
Q

Dorsal Root

A
  • the posterior root (roots connect spinal nerves to spinal cord)
  • sensory root - contains sensory neurons
  • you’re “sensitive” when someone talks behind you “back”
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8
Q

Ventral Root

A
    • the anterior root (roots connect spinal nerves to spinal cord)
  • motor root - contains motor neurons
  • you drive a “motor” vehicle facing “front”
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9
Q

Spinal Nerve

A
  • collection of axons in the PNS
  • connected to the spinal cord by rootlets (dorsal and ventral roots)
  • divides into two branches (dorsal ramus and ventral ramus)
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10
Q

Dorsal Ramus

A
  • one of two primary branches of the spinal nerve
  • innervates the muscles and the skin of the back
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11
Q

Ventral Ramus

A
  • one of two primary branches of the spinal nerve
  • innervates structures of the ventrolateral neck/trunk and limbs (everything the dorsal does not)
  • typical - travels around the body wall and innervates muscle and skin of the trunk
  • atypical - forms nerves plesuses
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12
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A
  • a collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
  • enclosed by a connective tissue covering
  • each dorsal root has a ganglion associated with it (dorsal root ganglion) - contains cell bodies for all the afferent neurons that travel in a particular spinal nerve and its dorsal root
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13
Q

Cauda Equina

A
  • collection of dorsal and ventral roots in the inferior portion of the dural sac that have not exited the vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina
  • named for its resemblance to a “horses tail”
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14
Q

Distribution of cranial vs. spinal nerves

A

Cranial nerves - primarily innervate structures in the head and neck

Exceptions - CN X (Vagus Nerve) travels to the lower abdomen

Spinal nerves - primarily innervate structures below the head

Exceptions - the first few cervical nerves do send some branches to the head

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15
Q

Dermatome

A
  • the area of skin innervated by a particular spinal nerve pair
  • due to segmental development from somites
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16
Q

Nerve Roots and Rami

A
17
Q

Spinal Nerve Innervation

A

Dorsal Ramus - travels to the back region

Ventral Ramus - travels around the body wall

Thoracic Region (T2-T12) are “typical” spinal nerves because their ventral rami do not for plexuses

18
Q

Nerve Plexus

A
  • a network of mixing nerves
  • T2-T12 do not tend to form plexuses
19
Q

“Atypical” Spinal Nerves

A
  • form plexuses
  • only ventral rami
  • some plexuses travel out into the limbs/extremities
  • Spinal nerves that tend to form plexuses:

Cervical

T1

Lumbar

Sacral

20
Q

How spinal nerves exit the vertebral column

A
  • through the intervertebral foramen
  • Cervical spinal nerves exit superior to the vertebra they are named for (i.e. C4 nerve exits between C3 and C4 vertebrae)
  • C8 passes inferior to C7 and superior to T1
  • All remaining spinal nerves below pass through inferior to the vertebra they are named for (i.e. T4 nerve passes between T4 and T5)
21
Q

Distance bw spinal nerve and corresponding vertebra

A
  • increases as you move inferiorly down the spinal column
  • consequently, the spinal nerve roots must travel further to exit the vertebral canal
  • creates cauda equina since the spinal cord ends at L2 (conus medullaris)

HAE - Quiz 2 (7 decks)

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