4.1.8-.9 Bandura (1961)

Question 1

Aim?

Answer 1

Whether aggr behav could be acquired via observation of aggr RMs
> Specifically if children were more likely to be aggr having observed agggression
a) whether they imitated same-sex RMs
b)whether boys more prone to acquiring aggr

Question 2

Sample?

Answer 2

36 boys 36 girls
3-6 yrs
Stanford Uni Nursery, California

Question 3

PPts design/method?

Answer 3

Matched pairs
Lab exp

Question 4

IV + DV?

Answer 4

IV
> Modelling of aggr
Sex of RM
If sex of RM & observer was same/diff

DV
>Lvl of aggr displayed by children

Confounding: aggressiveness
> Controlled, ensured all ppts in each group were equally aggr (measured by researcher well acquainted w children, childrens teachers etc)

Question 5

Conditions?

Answer 5

1. Aggression- Observed aggr RM (m/f) who punched, kicked large Bobo doll
2. Non- aggr- Non-aggr RM assembling mechanical toys
3. Control- No RM, children just played

Question 6

Procedure?

Answer 6

1. Children brought to room w/observation window & allowed to play w toys (some had RM present- each RM per condition carried out their aggr/ non aggr behavs)

2.Then taken to another room where theyre frustrated by being shown new toys & told they were for other children (w/o frustration, wouldnt have self efficacy to reproduce observed behav later)

3. Children taken back to Bobo doll room. Their behav was observed via one way mirror by amle RM, 2nd observer present for 1/2 ppts to incr inter rater R
4. Behavs categorised:
   - Imitative aggr eg sitting on Bobo, saying ‘pow’
   -Partially imitative- using mallet aggressively on toys other than Bobo
   -Non-imitative aggr-punching Bobo, saying hostile things not said by aggr RM

Question 7

Findings?

Answer 7

• Children w aggr RM likely to completely/ partially imitate aggression
  -Approx 70% of children w non-aggr RM produced less aggr
• Boys more likely to imitate aggr shown by male RM(same sex)
  > Physical aggr shown

Question 8

GRAVE-Generalisability

Answer 8

P - Low
E - Used a sample of 72 boys and girls
E - This does not represent how adults would observe and reproduce behaviour of their role models due to being significantly different in context to the role models of children

Question 9

GRAVE-Reliability

Answer 9

P - High
E - Standardised procedure such as observing children at 5 second intervals for 20 mins
E - Making the study accurately replicable to test for consistency of results for future research into observed aggression in children
P - High inter-rater
E - Included 2 observers who agreed 89% of the time
E - Removes subjectivity and makes the results objective, more reliable for consistent findings on observed aggression in children

Question 10

GRAVE-Application

Answer 10

P-Yes
E - Highlights how children will imitate the behaviour of role models
E - This can help parenting by behaving around a child they way you would want them to behave, such as not shouting at them for doing something wrong as they will likely shout and be aggressive back

Question 11

GRAVE-Validity

Answer 11

P - Low
E - Children had never seen a Bobo doll before so maybe they thought they were supposed to hit it
E - Therefore no cause and effect could be established because they thought that was how you play with it rather than actually being aggressive
P - Low ecological
E - Carried out in an artificial environment where the model and the child were strangers
E - Doesn’t represent how children would observe and imitate behaviour in real life

Question 12

GRAVE-Ethics

Answer 12

P - Unethical
E - The children were deliberately encouraged to be aggressive with no talk of removing that aggression
E - And so children may have been aggressive after the study despite debrief,which they should have countered by showing a pro-social role model to calm them down