Intro Flashcards
What are the mechanisms employed by the body to avoid invasion or infections? (3 general ways)
- Physical barriers
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
How does the adaptive immune response take care of bacterial invaders?
antibodies bind to bacteria and mark them for destruction
What are antibodies?
proteins that circulate in body fluids, especially in the blood stream
What are two forms of adaptive immunity?
- Antibody mediated
- Cell mediated
How does cell mediated immunity work?
employs cells that destroy abnormal cells such as those infected by viruses.
- mainly directed against viruses
What is an adaptive immunity?
the immune system remembers prior exposure to a foreign invader and mounts a faster and more effective response on subsequent exposure to that invader.
What are the physical barriers of the body?
tears, saliva, vomiting,
Respiratory system: mucous, cilia, coughing, turbulence
Skin: desiccation, desquamation, fatty acids, normal flora
Digestive system: mucus, fluid flow, lysozyme, proteolytic enzymes, diarrhea, anaerobic conditions, normal flora, gastric pH
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells
What are the cells involved in adaptive immunity?
T and B cells
What is the specificity of innate and adaptive immunities?
Innate: common microbial structures
Adaptive: unique antigens
True or false? Both the innate and adaptive immunities can be overwhelmed.
True - however adaptive immunity is RARELY overwhelmed.
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
serum is the cell free liquid of blood minus the clotting factors while plasma is cell free liquid of blood with clotting factors
How can antibody-mediated immunity be transferred?
- artificially
- naturally
What is the common parent cell of immune related cells?
pluripotent stem cells (CD34+)
What can a monoblast differentiate into?
monocyte or dendritic cell
