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Intro to Animal Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many animal species in the world?

A

approx 1.5 million

15,000 species of mammals

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2
Q

Veal Calf

A

A bovine 0-3 months of age

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3
Q

Slaughter Calf

A

A bovine 3-9 months

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4
Q

Bull

A

An intact male bovine

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5
Q

Stag

A

A castrated male bovine after development

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6
Q

Bullock

A

An intact male 24 months or younger

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7
Q

Steer

A

A castrated male bovine

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8
Q

Cow

A

A female bovine that has produced 2+ calves

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9
Q

Heiferette

A

A female bovine that has produced 1 calf

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10
Q

Heifer

A

A female bovine that has no calves

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11
Q

Spay Heifer

A

An overectomized heifer

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12
Q

Rooster

A

Poultry

An intact male

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13
Q

Capon

A

Poultry

A castrated male

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14
Q

Hen

A

Poultry
A female producing eggs
Also a female turkey

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15
Q

Pullet

A

Poultry

An immature female

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16
Q

Broiler

A

Poultry

A chicken raised to be eaten

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17
Q

Tom

A

Poultry

a male turkey

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18
Q

Barrow

A

Porcine

A castrated male

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19
Q

Gilt

A

A female porcine that has had no piglets

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20
Q

Sow

A

Female porcine that has had piglets

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21
Q

Boar

A

An intact male porcine

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22
Q

Stag

A

Porcine

A male castrated after development

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23
Q

Weaner

A

Porcine

A young weanling pig

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24
Q

Ram

A

An intact male ovine

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25
Q

Wether

A

A castrated male ovine

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26
Q

Ewe lamb

A

A young female that has no young

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27
Q

Yearling

A

Ovine

12-24 months of age

28
Q

Ewe

A

A female ovine that has young

29
Q

Kid

A

Caprine

Baby goat

30
Q

Wether

A

Caprine

A castrated caprine

31
Q

Doe

A

Female ovine with 1+ kids

32
Q

Buck

A

An intact male ovine

33
Q

Stud

A

An intact male horse

34
Q

Ridgeling

A

A cryptorchid male horse

35
Q

Gelding

A

A castrated male horse

36
Q

Mare

A

A female horse over 3 years

37
Q

Filly

A

A female horse under 3 years

38
Q

Colt

A

A male horse under 3 years

39
Q

Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (LAWA)

A

1966
Prevented theft of cats and dogs
Registration limited facilities of dogs/cats
holding areas only
only records of acquisition required
Developed 8 areas of minimum standards
-housing, feeding, watering, sanitation, shelter, separation of species, ventilation, adequate vet care

40
Q

Animal Welfare Act (AWA)

A 
1970
Extension to the lab
Report # of animals by pain categories
Require appropriate use of anesthetics
Include standards for animal transport
Include all warm blooded
Applies to any live or dead warm blooded animal which is being used, or is in research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes or as a pet
41
Q

What is IACUC?

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Make sure one isn’t experimenting on animals for no good reason

42
Q

Who needs to be certified for IACUC?

A

Investigator must submit written protocol
-describes animal use
-justification for study and animal #s
Protocol is only valid for a limited time and only for # of animals requested
-animal use and #s monitored by UAC

43
Q

Inbreeding

A

breeding of animals more closely related than average

44
Q

Linebreeding

A

breeding of animal to common ancestor, not closely related

45
Q

Outbreeding

A

System of mating animals less closely related than the average for the breed
-same breeds sometimes have different characteristics

46
Q

Crossbreeding

A

Mating animals of different breeds

47
Q

Heterosis

A

AKA hybrid vigor
when the heterozygote of the breed crosses are more productive
-offspring superior to parents

48
Q

Genes

A

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. Consists of DNA

49
Q

Allele

A

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Alternate form of that gene

50
Q

Chromosome

A

Long, circular DNA molecule
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

51
Q

How many chromosomes do animal species have?

A 
Turkeys: 41
Chickens: 39
Horses: 32
Donkeys: 31
Goats & Cattle: 30
Sheep: 27
Humans: 23
Swine: 19
52
Q

Gestation times

A 
Period of pregnancy from fertilization to parturition
Elephant: 600-660
Llama: 340-345
Mare: 337 (335-342)
Cattle: 282 (279-284)
Women: 266
Sheep & Goat: 145-150
Sow: 114
Bitch: 63-63
Queen: 63
Rabbit: 28-35
53
Q

Cryptorchidism

A 
one (unilateral: can still reproduce) of the testes does not descend into the scrotum
OR
Both (bilateral: can still reproduce but not as reliable) of the testes do not descend into the scrotum
54
Q

Four parts of the estrus cycle

A

Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus

55
Q

Proestrus

A

CL regression
Increased FSH
-stimulates follicular growth on ovary which then starts producing estrogen

56
Q

Estrus

A

Period of sexual receptivity

  • can be affected by temperature, humidity, and stress
  • -mare has the most variable estrus period 2-12 days
57
Q

Metestrus

A

Starts as ovulation commences
“Metestrus bleeding”
-occurs 90% heifers & 45% cows
-caused by breakage of uterine capillaries that become fragile from estrogen effects
-only sign estrus has passed
-may see blood mucus on tail/pin region
-LH stimulates CL formation post-ovulation

58
Q

Diestrus

A

Cl is fully functional

Produces progesterone by day 8

59
Q

Four compartments to ruminant stomach

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

60
Q

Reticulum

A

mixing

bypass in nursing young

61
Q

rumen

A 
fermentation of food
Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA)
-acetate
-butyrate
-propionate
62
Q

Omasum

A

Absorbs or pulls out water

VFA absorption

63
Q

Abomasum

A

True stomach
Enzymatic digestion
-aka chemical digestion (HCl)

64
Q

What animals are monogastrics (non-ruminant)?

A

dogs, horses, rabbits, rats

65
Q

What animals are ruminants?

A

cattle, sheep, goats

66
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Lubricates food
Dissolves food and allows taste
Cleanses mouth & prevents decay
Lysozyme kills bacteria

Intro to Animal Science (4 decks)

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