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Pharm 2 > Herbs > Flashcards

Herbs Flashcards

1
Q

What are indications for Garlic use

A

anti-lipedemic anti-microbial anti-inflammatory anti-asthmatic

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2
Q

What components of Garlic potentiate bleeding?

A

ajoene allicin sulfur containing compounds

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3
Q

What portion of garlic causes the potent smell

A

allicin

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4
Q

How does garlic cause anti platelet effects

A

acts on arachidonic pathway

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5
Q

What are indications for Gingko use

A

Brain stuff- prevent decreased cerebral function peripheral vascular insufficiency with Alzheimers disease improve memory

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6
Q

What are indications for Ginseng use

A

Anti-cancer, slows again prevent heart attack reduce hypertension improve digestion strengthen immunity CNS stimulant

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7
Q

What are indications for ginger use

A

motion sickness decrease arthritis pain and inflammation upset stomach

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8
Q

What are indications for feverfew use

A

anti-inflammatory (RA) fever reduction prevent migraine muscle soreness

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9
Q

What are indications for use of fish oils

A

skin disorders cardio protection diabetes headache immune support memory PMS ulcerative colitis

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10
Q

What are the indications for St. John’s Wort

A

depression

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11
Q

What are the indications for Vitamin E use

A

Antioxidant

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12
Q

What are the indications for use of Echinacea

A

common cold cough bronchitis

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13
Q

What are the indications for Kava-Kava

A

anxiety stress relief muscle tranquilizer

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14
Q

What are the indications for use of Licorice

A

GI disorders antitussive apthous ulcers herpes simplex

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15
Q

What are the indications for use of Valerian

A

sedative anxiety depression

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16
Q

What are the active ingredients of Gingko

A

Terpenoids

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17
Q

What are the active ingredients of Ginseng

A

Ginsenosides

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18
Q

What are the active ingredients of ginger

A

pungent principles volatile oils proteolytic enzymes

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19
Q

What are the active ingredients of feverfew

A

sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide

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20
Q

What are the active ingredients of St. John’s wort

A

hyperforin hypericin flavanoids tannins

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21
Q

What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort is involved with neurotransmitter reuptake

A

Hyperforin

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22
Q

What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort induces cytochrome P450

A

hypericin

23
Q

What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort is involved with bleeding

A

hypericin

24
Q

What herbs alter efficacy of warfarin

A

Few E G’s

25
Q

medications with what therapeutic range are at a greater risk for adverse HDS-drug interactions

A

narrow therapeutic range

26
Q

What herb decreases effects of corticosteroids

A

echinacea

27
Q

What herb causes apthous ulcers and irritation to the oral mucosa

A

feverfew (15% of pts)

28
Q

What HDS potentiate effects of CNS depressants

A

Kava-Kava, Valerian

29
Q

What HDS are contraindicated with pregnancy

A

Feverfew, Kava-Kava, Licorice

30
Q

What herb causes hypertension

A

licorice

31
Q

What vitamin effects Vitamin K on clotting factors

A

Vitamin E

32
Q

How long do you hold herbal use prior to surgery

A

14 days

33
Q

What herb causes difficulty to awaken after anesthesia

A

St. John’s Wort, Kava-Kava

34
Q

Two websites for reliable herbal information

A

CAM on PubMed and naturalstandard.com

35
Q

What is important to know about a patients herbal use

A

is it in place of or as an adjunct to conventional treatment

36
Q

What are some of the most popular products used by adults according to 2007 survey

A

fish oil, glucosamine, echinacea, flaxseed, ginseng

37
Q

What are the most common supplements used according to 2007 survey

A

multivitamins, Vitamins E and C, calcium, B-complex vitamins

38
Q

Who is at most risk for adverse HDS-drug interactions due to polyherbacy and polypharmacy

A

geriatric

39
Q

What drug is the most commonly involved in HDS-drug interaction

A

warfarin (Coumadin)

40
Q

Most common reasons for supplement use among adults

A

improve general health, arthritis, colds, memory

41
Q

What drugs report the most HDS-drug interactions

A

warfarin, insulin, aspirin, digoxin, ticlopidine

42
Q

From vitamins, minerals, and herbs… which is most likely to be the cause of HDS-drug interactions

A

herbs

43
Q

Would you say patients are aware or unaware of adverse bleeding effects of supplements?

A

unaware

44
Q

What 2 effects does garlic have on platelets?

A

anti platelet by inhibiting PAF and adenosine

45
Q

Which drug has a risk for severe spontaneous bleeding with concurrent aspirin use and warfarin

A

Ginkgo

46
Q

In what ways does ginseng cause anti platelet effects?

A

inhibit PAF, thrombin and thromboplastin

47
Q

What potentiates bleeding with aspirin, NSAIDS, warfarin and heparin

A

ginseng

48
Q

What herb causes increased photosensitivity and irritation to oral mucosa and tongue

A

feverfew

49
Q

How much fish oil do you have to take to increase risk for hemorrhagic stroke?

A

a crap ton

50
Q

What herb is involved with 5-HT reuptake inhibition?

A

St. John’s wort

51
Q

What herb reduces effect of warfarin and lowers INR

A

St. John’s wort

52
Q

What herb renders oral contraceptives ineffective

A

St. John’s wort

53
Q

What supplements are hepatotoxic

A

echinacea, Kava-Kava

54
Q

What are dental considerations with patients on supplements

A

synergistic drug effects with aspirin and NSAIDS, monitor patients on warfarin, cross reference all prescriptions to avoid HDS-drug interaction

Pharm 2 (3 decks)

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